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Duty-cycling schemes allow devices to dynamically adjust their active period to conserve energy. On the other hand, synchronization schemes allow multiple coordinators to schedule their transmissions in order to prevent the overlapping of superframe schedules. In this paper, we analyze the impact of a synchronization mechanism on duty-cycling schemes in an IEEE 802.15.4 cluster tree network. We show...
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard does not allow to make dynamic adjustments to the inactive portion of the superframe, thus affecting the duty cycles of the coordinator and all the devices attached to it. Prior works in this direction are either based on superframe occupation ratio or buffer occupancy/queue length of the transmitting nodes. In this paper, we present the respective limitations of both these...
Fog computing paradigm extends the storage, networking, and computing facilities of the cloud computing toward the edge of the networks while offloading the cloud data centers and reducing service latency to the end users. However, the characteristics of fog computing arise new security and privacy challenges. The existing security and privacy measurements for cloud computing cannot be directly applied...
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard provides a synchronization mechanism for devices connected in a star network topology using beacons. The lack of it in peer-to-peer network topology restricts its use to non-beacon mode. Addressing this issue, few protocols have been proposed based on either centralized or distributed approach. Irrespective of the approach, the three major criterion to evaluate different...
ZigBee is a networking standard for low power, low data-rate, resource constrained networks. It provides network and upper layer services for LR-WPAN, cyber physical systems, industrial sensor networks, smart grids, home automations, etc. The routing layer uses the tree based routing protocol wherein only parent-child relationship are considered for routing, ignoring neighbor nodes. This results in...
This paper proposes an ICT based system for enhancing teaching and learning in a large classroom and increasing the interactivity to improve learning. Typically, such a classroom suffers from difficulties in audibility of lectures, seamless teacher-student interaction, monitoring attention of students, collecting attendance and conducting examinations. BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)1 paradigm has been...
Use of ICT in the area of education has been increasing in the recent years and is expected to be so in the near future. While most of the systems are used for offline learning, use of ICT in classrooms is also popularized with the introduction of smart classrooms. Typically, a large classroom (with over 100 students) suffers from difficulties in audibility of lectures, teacher-student interaction,...
Via minimization plays an increasingly important role in the routing phase in the design process of VLSI circuits and systems. A via is an electrical connection that establishes the connectivity between two layers. Vias are established at points where a net changes layer. But if the number of vias is more, then it not only reduces the reliability of the product but also causes delay and affects the...
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