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Transparency and stability issues have been a major concern for haptic tele-operation. Researchers in this area have already shown that a minimum refresh rate of 1 kHz is required to achieve smoothness for human perception in force-feedback experiments. This rate requires the highest priority for real-time applications to achieve transparent haptic tele-presence. As a result, this rate leads to a...
Stability and transparency have been always the most challenging concerns in haptic tele-operation. These issues are both impaired by any sample drop or transmission delay caused by the lack of reliability for the network channel, through which the two sides of tele-operation are communicating. Despite the contemporary high-speed data transmission schemes, this obstacle is still the most alarming...
Weber's law has been widely used by researchers for perceptual analysis in data reduction algorithms proposed for haptic applications. The law in its basic definition suggests a constant coefficient к or Just Noticeable Difference (JND). This constant is the percentage of actual stimulus around which the human sensory system cannot notice a change. Moreover, research studies have been conducted to...
Just-Noticeable-Differences (JND) as a dead-band in perceptual analysis has been widely used for more than a decade. This technique has been employed for data reduction in hap tic data transmission systems by several researchers. In fact, researchers use two different JND coefficients that are JNDV and JNDF for velocity and force data respectively. For position data, they usually rely on the resolution...
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