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In 1951 it was reported by Salvage (1) that the electric strengths of liquid straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, as measured under d.c. conditions between hemispherical electrodes, increased with increase in the chain length of the hydrocarbon molecules. Until that time, a correlation of electrical breakdown of liquids with known molecular properties had been virtually impossible because of inadequate...
For some twenty-five years the decrease in the measured electric strength of liquids with increasing electrode spacing has been an important subject of study because of its practical as well as theoretical significance. Early investigators were handicapped by the lack of reproducibility of electric strength values as well as their inability to measure accurately small electrode spacings. With the...
A crucial test of any theory of electrical breakdown is the comparison of observed and predicted temperature dependence of the electric strength. The theories of von Hippel, Seitz, and Callen give the proper temperature dependence at low temperatures (for ionic crystals) but the agreement is lost at high temperature. In order to explain the high temperature region, Fröhlich has adduced another breakdown...
It has been reported-recently by Salvage (1) that the electric strengths of liquid, straight-chain hydrocarbons increase with increase in molecular weight from n-pentane through n-nonane. The purpose of the present work is to verify and investigate more carefully this behavior, and to interpret the results, if possible, in terms of the physical properties of the hydrocarbons.
In this review a year ago a good deal of space was devoted to an extensive development by Heller (1951) of a “steady-state” theory of breakdown of solids. Almost simultaneously W. Franz developed a similar theory, reports of which appeared in German journals in January (1) and June (2) of 1952. The underlying ideas of the work of Franz are in most instances very close to those of Heller, so that the...
The electron emission characteristics of the surface of the cathode used in the study of the electric breakdown of insulators are believed to have a fundamental bearing on electric strengths observed. It has been suggested that the formation of a negative space charge is the mechanism through which this influence is exerted1.
The only theoretical paper, one of considerable interest to the field, contains Heller's calculation of the electric strength of a non-polar crystal1. The calculation is based on a view of the breakdown process which differs in several important ways from those of von Hippel, Fröhlich, Seitz, and Callen based on the avalanche criterion.
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