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In this paper, we propose an audio watermarking method using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). The amplitude spectrogram of the host signal is decomposed the basis matrix and the activation matrix by NMF. These matrices are non-negative matrices and we use the activation matrix for embedding watermarks. Onset time and offset time are estimated from the coefficients of activation matrix and...
A digital watermark is a technique to embed another digital data into digital contents such as music, image and movie. For audio signals, it is required that the sound quality of stego signal is not deteriorated. In existing methods, the high sound quality means that the difference between host signal and stego signal is small. On the other hand, in this paper, there is no problem even if a different...
For audio signals, the sound quality of the stego signal should not deteriorate as much as host signal. With current methods, high sound quality means that the difference between the host and stego signals is small. We proposed a method with which high sound quality means that the sound quality of the stego signal is maintained as music even if another sound, except for host signal, is perceived....
In this paper, we propose an audio watermarking method using processed sound of music. For audio signals, watermarks are embedded in time domain or Fourier domain. In existing methods, it is required that noises are not perceived in stego signal. On the other hand, in the proposed method, there is no problem even if a different sound from host signal is perceived when stego signal is maintained as...
In this paper, we propose a new watermarking method based on modification of sound pressure level between microphones. We focus on two characteristics of sound source. One is location of a dominant sound source will be maintained even if signal processing like MP3 compression is performed. Two is deterioration of sound quality is imperceptible even if location of a dominant sound source is modified...
The objective of this work is to devise a new way to embed a watermark into digital audio signal. In conventional methods, it is required that the watermark is embedded without noise perception. However, it is difficult to embed the watermark without noise perception. Hence, we propose an embedding method so as to permit a perception of an embedded watermark signal. For watermarked audio signal, high...
The objective of this work is to embed watermark information into digital audio data as the deterioration of sound quality is not perceivable to human ears. Hence, we consider that watermark information is embedded in the consonance to melody line or bass line. Generally, unison, octave, perfect fifth and perfect fourth are called consonance and human ears can hardly feel annoyed for consonance. Hence,...
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