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In this paper, a solution to determine the optimum number of base station antennas in an energy efficient downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system using the zero-forcing (ZF) precoding scheme with imperfect channel state information is provided. In the case where an arbitrary number of base station antennas are used, a recent study has shown that, as the reliability of the channel...
In this paper the effect of channel estimation errors on the energy efficiency of a downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output system is investigated and analyzed. The required downlink transmit power of the zero forcing (ZF) and maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding schemes are derived and analyzed under imperfect channel state information condition. Analytical and simulations results show...
The use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques is one of the proposed methods for detecting message signals multiplexed on a single frequency using multiple wireless orbital angular momentum (OAM) states. In a recent study, the use of a uniform circular array (UCA) of conventional antennas at the receive side was used in an ideal wireless OAM communication system. In this paper, we show...
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