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These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine...
Despite their importance for signalling events, protein–protein interactions cannot easily be analyzed on a single cell level. We developed a robust automated FRET measurement system implemented on a commercial flow cytometer allowing for rapid profiling of molecular associations in living cells. We used this method to measure the most proximal signaling events on human T lymphocyte activation, which...
To protect the power grid from possible breakdowns and to ensure a reliable energy supply, proper protection systems are crucial. State-of-the-art protection systems used in power distribution networks are usually based on single-purpose protection devices with minor flexibility in adapting to changing requirements. These protection devices often run proprietary firmware/software, requiring custom...
State of the art algorithms for the allocation of measurement points in under-determined power systems operate with heuristical methods constrained by prior-defined reference scenarios. Due to this, the rating of measurement configurations is restricted to the detection of these scenarios making it hard to identify an optimized allocation covering more than one scenario. To overcome this gap, a novel...
For robust testing of new technologies used in future, intelligent power and energy systems, realistic testing environments are needed. Due to the dimensions of a real-world environment a field-based installation is often not viable. More efficient instead of a local installation is to connect existing and highly sophisticated labs with different focus of specialization. Today's experimental setups...
Although, a variety of established tools for analysis of power systems already exists, it is in the medium term very unlikely that one of these tools alone will provide all functionalities and models that are required to simulate future Smart Grids in all its facets. This is mainly due to the high number of Smart Grid use cases, actors, and technologies to be integrated that is not known from other...
In order to guarantee a stable and reliable power supply in todays changing power grids, especially those automated system components that identify illegal states and protect the system from taking damage (protection equipment) have to be adapted. Solutions based on standard automation hard- and software, and open IT-standards allow a higher flexibility regarding frequent adaptions than hard-wired...
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