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In passive remote sensing, the modified Stokes parameters (watt/m2) are defined in terms of electric fields (V/m) at a specific frequency, which is related to the brightness temperatures. However, brightness temperatures are defined by multiplying the specific intensity watt/m2/Hz/sr) by λ2/κ. In this work, the inconsistency of units in brightness temperatures are resolved by comparing a time-harmonic...
A domain decomposition-finite difference time domain (DD-FDTD) method is proposed to solve the problem of electromagnetic scattering from very large rough surfaces. The entire computational domain is decomposed into multiple subdomains. Each subdomain is simulated by using the conventional FDTD method to obtain the scattered fields on a Huygens’ surface and the total fields on the rough surface. The...
The FDTD method has been previously used to investigate the problem of scattering from rough surfaces, with sizes whose maximum area was 51.2λ × 51.2λ at 0.3 GHz. Domain decomposition (DD) methods have been proposed in the past to improve the computational efficiency of techniques dealing with large scatterers or with a complex structure. In this work, a DD-FDTD method is proposed to simulate the...
A Domain Decomposition Finite Difference Time Domain (DD-FDTD) method is proposed to solve the problem of electromagnetic scattering from very large rough surfaces. The coupling to the Huygens' surface above a specific subdomain from induced currents on the rough surface in adjacent subdomains is determined by using the reciprocity theorem. The normalized radar cross sections (NRCS's) obtained with...
The original domain-decomposition FDTD (DD-FDTD) method is extended to a two-dimensional DD-FDTD method, in order to solve the scattering problems involving a large computational domain. The scattering from both a cosine surface and a Gaussian-type rough surface are simulated with this method. The radar cross section (RCS) of both vv- and hh-polarizations is analyzed, with focus on the forward and...
In this work, a domain-decomposition finite-difference time-domain (DD-FDTD) method is adopted to study the long-range propagation of a Gaussian pluse. The transfer of tangential components across adjacent domains is properly implemented. Different surfaces, including flat PEC surface, sinusoidal PEC surface, sea surfaces, have been studied to understand their effects on the pulse propagating over...
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