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In cooperative cognitive radio systems (CRSs), where battery-powered cognitive radio terminals (CTs) frequently sense and report primary user’s (PU’s) existence to exploit a spectrum hole, energy efficiency (EE) is a challenging design issue. To improve EE in CRSs, letting only some of the CTs be active in sensing and reporting [called a quality-based activation (QBA)] is proposed in this letter....
Cognitive radio is an uprising technique designed to solve the problem of spectrum utilization effectively. In a cooperative cognitive radio mobile network (CRMN), battery-powered cognitive mobile node (CMN) frequently sense and report primary user's (PU's) existence to exploit a spectrum hole. The energy consumption increases when all CMN sense and report to centralized controller (CC) in order to...
Cognitive Radio has a potential to improve spectrum efficiency for future wireless communication systems. However, the performance of such systems can be degraded by various factors e.g. imperfect sensing, non-accurate result reporting of the sensed spectrum either due to error-prone reporting channel (RC) or malicious user attack. Moreover the phenomena of reporting only from those cognitive users...
Cognitive radio is an uprising technique designed to solve the problem of spectrum utilization effectively. However, the performance of such type of systems can be degraded, due to the factor of non-accurate sensing of the spectrum. The growing concern regarding environmental issues and emerging green communication paradigm prospective, the cognitive radio network (CRN) can also be considered from...
The electromagnetic spectrum is a natural resource and it is utilized by taking license from governments in every part of the world. The licensed/primary users are not transmitting all the time and consequently degrade spectrum utilization that can be improved by the exploitation of spectrum to secondary/unlicensed users. The spectrum can be utilized in an effective and reliable manner by the use...
Retinal image analysis is very effective in early detection and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive disease and is broadly classify into two stages i.e. Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). A sign of PDR is the appearance of new blood vessels in fundus area and inside optic disc known as neovascularization...
For personal identification the use of fingerprint identification systems is mostly common. First step for an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is the segmentation of fingerprint from the acquired image. Extraction of region of interest (ROI) from the desired fingerprint impression is the main purpose of segmentation. In this paper, we present a new technique for fingerprint segmentation...
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