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Tokenisation has been adopted by the payment industry as a method to prevent Personal Account Number (PAN) compromise in EMV (Europay MasterCard Visa) transactions. The current architecture specified in EMV tokenisation requires online connectivity during transactions. However, it is not always possible to have online connectivity. We identify three main scenarios where fully offline transaction capability...
EMV (Europay MasterCard Visa) is a globally accepted standard for chip card-based payment transactions, which benefits from the intrinsic security characteristics of chip cards. The EMV specification is relatively flexible and can be deployed in both online and offline card acceptance environments. In the offline environment, payment terminals and cards only communicate with each other in order to...
Fair-exchange and anonymity are two important attributes in e-commerce. It is much more difficult to expect fairness in e-commerce transactions using Bit coin due to anonymity and transaction irreversibility. Genuine consumers and merchants who would like to make and receive payments using Bit coin may be reluctant to do so due to this uncertainty. The proposed protocol guarantees strong-fairness...
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