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Video streaming is now one of the main applications on mobile networks. Since the throughput fluctuates widely on a mobile network, adaptive bitrate control methods that control the video bitrate in accordance with this fluctuation have been developed. These methods decide the bitrate at a one-second or a few-second interval. In most of these methods, the output of a decision is a bitrate value, and...
We shed new light on the mechanism behind how the dynamic behavior of a packet scheduler at the link layer in mobile networks degrades the accuracy of conventional available bandwidth (i.e., unused capacity of an end-to-end path) estimation methods that use a probing packet train (i.e., a set of multiple probing packets). Most of the conventional methods, which were originally designed for wired networks,...
Voice over IP (VoIP) services are now offered on many mobile networks. However, delay spikes, which are sudden large increases in packet delay, affect the quality of VoIP on mobile networks. This paper proposes a quality of experience (QoE) indicator considering delay spikes. The QoE indicator combines a voice quality indicator such as ITU-T P.862 and the delay part of ITU-T G.107, which is a quality...
Live streaming services over HTTP used on smart devices via a mobile network have become very popular. However, playback interruption often occurs during a live streaming. This is because TCP throughput fluctuates due to radio strength variation and cross-traffic, and the playback buffer on the client side is small. To solve the playback interruption problem, adaptive rate control techniques are helpful...
Since smartphones have spread and the transmission rate of mobile networks has accelerated, a lot of VoIP services are provided on mobile networks. Voice quality degradation due to delay spikes (i.e. sudden large increases in the packet delay) is the key issue for VoIP on mobile networks. To resolve this issue, adaptive jitter buffer control methods have been proposed to deal with delay spikes. These...
Voice communications over the Internet are growing rapidly thanks to faster Internet and mobile networks. Although multimedia communication techniques such as voice over IP (VoIP) have been using UDP, TCP is gaining gradual popularity since it enables passage through network address translators (NATs) and firewalls. Many researches have been done on real-time communications using TCP, which indicates...
Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) signaling is used in telecommunication systems for dialing telephone numbers and sending commands to equipment such as interactive voice response (IVR) systems. There are two types of signalings to transmit DTMF digits: in-band and out-of-band. Since many systems use in-band signaling, equipment that uses DTMF signaling needs to support in-band signaling. Media servers...
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease. AChR-specific autologous helper T (Th) cells are essential to the pathogenesis of MG. Factors correlated with the development of childhood-onset MG are unknown. In longitudinal studies, we found TCR Vβ 2/5.1/6/7 usage in the development or relapse phases, but not in the remission phase. We also found that TCR Vβ 8/9/13.1/15/18/20 usage persisted. The...
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