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In this paper, a new approach for image enhancement of gray-level images using gravitational search algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is represented. The equation for the updates of velocity and position of particles in PSO is modified. For that, the values of two variables, iteration IT and α are evaluated through a newly developed Fuzzy Inference System. In PSO, each iteration updated...
MANETs are self-configuring, self-healing, and self-optimized network of devices which are mobile in nature connected by a wireless medium. All mobile nodes in “MANET” are mobile and therefore the nodes change their links with other devices very frequently. Some receiving nodes in the network maybe moved out-of-range of the sender node, therefore the data packets hops through intermediate nodes. The...
MANET is ad-hoc network in which mobile nodes co-operatively route the traffic to the nodes which are beyond their direct range. The mobile nodes are free to join or leave the network at will. The open architecture and dynamic topology coupled with lack of infrastructure make MANET vulnerable to variety of attacks at all layers. The secure transmission of data over MANET is a critical requirement...
Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are networks of mobile nodes which have limited resources in terms of processing power, memory and battery life. The traffic to the destination nodes which are beyond the range of source nodes are routed by the intermediate nodes. The routing in the MANETs is different from conventional infrastructure network since the nodes not only act as end devices but also act as...
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