The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Electrical link migration requires serial interfaces to operate at increasing data rates. Despite the fact that most standards still employ NRZ, practical signal integrity constraints demand PAM-4 modulation, especially for some interconnect applications and low-loss profiles [1]. Nevertheless, compared to NRZ, the design of high-speed PAM-4 transmitters entails several challenges. Achieving high...
Pushed by the ever-increasing demand of high-speed connectivity, next generation 400 Gb/s electrical links are targeting PAM-4 modulation to limit channel loss and preserve link budget. Compared to NRZ, a higher amplitude is desirable to counteract the 1/3 reduction of PAM-4 vertical eye opening. However, linearity is also key, and PAM-4 levels must be precisely spaced to preserve the horizontal eye...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.