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Direct irradiation of materials by electron beams (e-beams) has been used to study material response.2,3 The desire to utilize high-power (∼ TW) generators to achieve higher specific energy deposition over larger areas has led to several approaches. One approach utilizes a monolithic e-beam diode with an external magnetic field (B field). The external B field allows the diode to operate in the bipolar,...
The Gamble II generator at the Naval Research Laboratory produces ∼100 ns pulse duration, relativistic-electron beams with peak energies on the order of 1MV and peak currents of about 800 kA with annular beam areas between 40–80 cm2. This gives peak current densities ∼10 kA/cm2. For many different applications, a nitrogen gas in the 1 Torr range is used as a charge- and current-neutralizing background...
Magnetic field penetration in electron-magneto-hydrodynamics (EMHD) can be driven by density gradients through the Hall term. Here we describe the effect of electron inertia on simplified one- and two-dimensional models of a magnetic front. Nonlinear effects due to inertia cause the 1D model to develop peaked solitary waves, while in 2D a shear-driven Kelvin-Helholtz (KH) like instability causes the...
The behavior of intense electron beams (those with current densities on the order of hundreds of kA/cm2 and beam rise times on the order of 100 ns) traveling through gaseous media depends strongly on the transport properties of the media. For example, the conductivity of a gas, which depends sensitively on its ionization state and temperature, has a strong influence on the beam behavior through the...
Magnetic field penetration in current-carrying plasmas is being studied in a plasma opening switch geometry. Several Marshall guns1 are used to inject single or multi-species plasmas between coaxial conductors connected to the output of NRL's Hawk pulsed-power generator. Following injection of the plasma, the generator is used to apply an electrical pulse with a peak current of 700 kA, a peak voltage...
Plasma blobs found in the edge region of tokamaks are important to understand because they contribute to a large amount of the plasma particle transport in the SOL (scrape off layer). Most of the work to date is limited to 2D theory and simulations by ignoring the variation of blob parameters along the magnetic field line. 3D effects are examined in the electrostatic limit in this paper using the...
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