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This paper investigates the potential impact of a fleet of electric vehicles charging on the cost of electricity generation, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and power system demand through low voltage residential demand-side management (DSM). The proposed optimisation algorithm is used to shift electric vehicles charging loads to minimize the combined impact of three key parameters: financial, environmental,...
In a bid to meet the UK renewable energy targets, and to reduce GHG emissions in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, the UK government is encouraging small scale developers through different incentive schemes. So far, the UK renewable energy generation has seen a steady growth but there are concerns about the impacts of these on the power system network. Sequel to this, the UK research councils have...
Continuous increase of numbers of various modern power electronic (PE) devices requires careful investigation of their impact on both operation of distribution networks and other connected equipment. This paper discusses typical harmonic models and modelling techniques, using as examples electric vehicle battery charger (EVBC) and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). Different models and modelling techniques...
A wide range of modern low voltage power electronic (PE) devices feature sophisticated controls, which aim to improve device performance and ensure better regulation of grid-side ac currents. The implementation of these controls is expected to result in increased device efficiency, improved controllability, higher operating power factors and reduced harmonic emissions. The interactions of individual...
In a bid to meet the UK renewable energy targets, and to reduce GHG emissions in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, the UK government is encouraging small scale developers through different incentive schemes. So far, the UK renewable energy generation has seen a steady growth but there are concerns about the impacts of these on the power system network. Sequel to this, the UK research councils have...
In the smart grid era, utilities need to achieve a more secure, sustainable and efficient power system network. Load management techniques have been used to achieve this, to reduce peak demand and which may also defer the need for building extra generating capacity. One such technique performed by the utility for peak demand reduction is Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR). This paper investigates...
This paper presents results of comprehensive tests of 18 different on-board electric vehicle battery chargers (EVBCs), representing the majority of currently available passenger-car-type EVs in the European market. The presented analysis compares the harmonic characteristics of EVBCs, concentrating on the impact of variations in supply voltage magnitude on emission of low frequency harmonics, as well...
This paper presents a simulation tool for the design and analysis of offshore ocean energy array networks. The tool integrates a number of modules which are divided into two core functions: the automation of the cable laying algorithm and subsequent creation of the network model, and the other performing the power flow analysis. The results of the power flow analysis are used to inform the user of...
This paper presents a component-based modelling approach for developing time-varying harmonic current injection models of the residential load sector. Some initial results of the model are also presented to demonstrate the temporal variations in low-voltage (LV) residential harmonics. The level of detail afforded by the model is illustrated using the proliferation of compact fluorescent lamps as a...
The paper presents a detailed study of the potential impact on the cost and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) through low voltage (LV) residential demand-side management (DSM). The proposed optimisation algorithm is used to shift non-critical residential loads, with the wet load category used as a case study, in order to minimise the total daily cost and emissions of GHG due to generation. This study...
Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) are one of the most common category of loads, typically found in large numbers in modern power supply systems. These devices usually draw non-linear current and are, therefore, significant sources of harmonics. Although it is well known that the presence of harmonics will result in negative effects (e.g. higher thermal stresses and overloading, or increased neutral...
All relevant studies indicate that future electricity networks will see a significant increase in renewable-based distributed generation (DG) and much wider application of load management and intelligent network technologies. The impact of DG and demand-side actions is direct and easily observed in the distribution networks. Their effects on transmission system performance, however, are more difficult...
Aggregate load models traditionally used for steady state analysis of power systems are based on standard constant impedance/current/power representation of static load component, with induction motor representation of dynamic load component. These traditional load models cannot accurately represent characteristics of non-linear power electronic loads, the impact of local distributed generation (DG)...
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