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Despite numerous studies, there is still no definitive explanation on how Na improves Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) device efficiency. This paper investigates how the electrical transport properties of CIGS films are affected by the amount of Na at grain boundaries. The controlled removal of Na from CIGS grain boundaries is achieved by rinsing in a water bath at 70°C. Periodically during the rinse, the in-plane...
Molybdenum (Mo) coated soda‐lime glass is a commonly used substrate for Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells as it also acts as the sodium (Na) source, which improves the efficiency of these devices. In this work, we investigate how oxygen controls the segregation and accumulation of Na on the Mo surface. A direct relationship between the concentration of surface oxygen and the amount of Na accumulation is showed...
The incorporation of Na into Cu(InGa)Se2 (CIGS) based absorber layers is critical for fabricating high efficiency photovoltaic devices. In the present study we show that Na transport through Mo and CIGS from soda-lime glass substrates takes place through the grain boundaries with oxygen playing a critical role. Device performance drops as the Na level in CIGS is reduced but recovers by mild air heat...
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