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IEEE 802.11ah and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) are candidates to become key technologies for many Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this paper, 802.11ah and BLE technologies are evaluated and compared in a home automation scenario. The selected use case includes battery powered sensors, which generate traffic, and mains powered actuators, which consume traffic, connected through a central gateway...
We analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11ah technology in an actuation use case for connected lighting from the perspective of latency and power consumption at the actuator in the downlink direction. The study includes network configurations with different beacon frame transmission intervals, channel bandwidths, group of stations in power-save mode as well as unicast-multicast transmissions using...
In this paper, a coverage analysis of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and IEEE 802.11ah technologies for indoor scenarios is performed. This is of particular relevance when these technologies are deployed as part of capillary networks. The physical layer parameters of BLE and IEEE 802.11ah are modeled, together with a detailed and accurate indoor propagation scenario that accounts for wall losses, ray...
Urban (and suburban) informal settlements in emerging markets will be the fastest growing population hotspots in the next few decades. This presents a significant challenge in delivery of services, including affordable mobile Internet access. Operator-led upgrades through network densification (rollout of additional operator-maintained sites) are difficult to sustain in those areas due to low revenues,...
Providing high capacity and cost effective backhaul is a looming challenge for mobile industry. In a packet-switched wireless communication system such as in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long term Evolution (LTE), data packets are forwarded between base stations (BSs) during handover over the bachhaul. The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) of the source base station (BS) is...
We discuss a distributed utility-based algorithm for downlink carrier allocation in a multi-carrier system. The proposed dynamic frequency selection (DFS) algorithm aims to maximize the sum utility of the whole system. To achieve this goal, each base station (BS) selects the carrier allocation strategy to maximize a surplus function comprising both own cell utility and utility prices received from...
We consider self-organized synchronization in a wireless network, in a setting where there may be transmissions in the network interfering with the reception of synchronization pulses. Persistent existence of interference may prevent synchronization pulses from being heard, which potentially divides the network to multiple connected components separated by interference barriers. We investigate methods...
We study a distributed approach for Primary Component Carrier (PCC) selection to manage interference and to improve cell edge performance in a heterogeneous network. To avoid cell outage caused by PCC selection based on path loss between neighboring base stations (BSs), we argue that carrier reselection based on handover measurements performed by the User Equipments (UEs) is necessary. We propose...
This article presents the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome due to fibrosing mediastinitis with multiple failed attempts at recanalization. We initially treated him with unilateral sharp needle recanalization of the right innominate vein into the SVC stump followed by stenting. Although his symptoms improved immediately, they did not completely resolve...
Network synchronization is a requirement for a time division duplex (TDD) femtocell network to prevent multi-access and inter-slot interference. Network Listening (NL) is a technique used for network synchronization where a base station (BS) is synchronized directly with another BS over-the-air, based on BS-BS measurements. Spanning tree based NL is the recommended technique for a local area indoor...
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