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A solar module is exposed to numerous factors which influence the total yield. Besides the yield being dependent on both the installed technology and placement conditions, some parameters have a direct effect, others have an indirect influence on the actual output. In this study the yield is predicted as a function of both technological and climatic factors. To evaluate the impact of a single parameter,...
The rapidly growing amount of distributed generation in low voltage distribution grids issues some undesired side effects. Simultaneous power injection may cause a serious voltage rise along the feeder. These overvoltages may not only damage critical loads but also switch off PV inverters causing loss of green energy at the most productive moments. This paper discusses the origin and different possibilities...
Implementation of decentralized production units (PV-installations) on low voltage distribution feeders may result in bidirectional energy flow. Simultaneous power injection may cause voltage rise on the feeder. Due to regulations inverters need to switch off when reaching a certain voltage causing loss of production. Because this happens mostly on bright, sunny days production loss can be significant...
The growing number of prosumers cause an upwards injection of electrical current on the public distribution grid. When the number of volatile electrical production increases, several problems on the electrical distribution system appear e.g. increasing line voltage, unbalance, reverse power flow. So far the necessary amount of electrical power is determined by electrical companies and supply is adapted...
Low voltage distribution feeders are designed for unidirectional energy supply from transformer to consumer. However, the implementation of small-scale PV production units on local utilities may result in bidirectional energy flows. The simultaneous power injection at sunny moments may cause a serious voltage rise along the feeder. These overvoltages may not only damage critical loads but also switches...
On the roof of a wool processing company a 385 kWp PV installation is installed. When production of the installation is more than 60% of the rated power the circuit breaker trips. Measurements show high THD(U) of phase voltages and variable waveform of both voltage and current. Analysis of the installation showed that a Yy0 transformer is installed introducing a high zero sequence field impedance...
On the roof of an industrial site a 385 kWp PhotoVoltaic installation is operational. When production of this system reaches 60% of the installed power, the circuit breaker trips. At sufficient production, measurements show a high distortion of phase voltage and variable waveform of both phase voltage and current. Analysis of the installation showed that a Yy0 transformer is used introducing a high...
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