The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
In this paper a simple technique to use standard digital CMOS logic cells from 80mV to 1.2V is presented. By applying a compensation network process-related variations of the logic's switching threshold can be reduced by 89% for a given supply voltage. Therefore post-fabrication process steps can be avoided. The principle is introduced by a simple inverter gate and expanded to more complex NAND, NOR...
In this paper a thermoelectric energy harvester with an active area of 0.5×0.2mm2 fabricated in a 130nm process is presented. By using automatic frequency adaptation the circuit is able to operate even in the sub-threshold region at about 230mV. The harvester powers a self-sustaining active wireless sensor node for temperature measurement in body area networks. Therefore it extracts power from a difference...
The design of a fully integrated low-voltage charge pump for thermal electric energy harvesting is presented in this paper. The proposed circuit has a startup voltage of 135mV without the need of expensive low voltage process options. This behavior is achieved by automatic frequency adaptation in correlation to the resistance of the switches. After startup the input voltage may even drop below 100mV,...
Abstract: Since the 1990s, studies utilizing descriptive statistics have documented factors in the business environment, which hinder the performance of Ugandan micro and small enterprises (MSEs). Based on secondary data, this paper assesses the trend of critical factors since 1994 to 2010. The paper also utilizes the primary data from MSEs to examine the effects of these factors on the growth potential...
Europe’s position as the most important economic area in the world is gradually being challenged by China and other regional powers which have been growing faster than the EU in the last 20 years. An economic and political power shift is taking place. How can Europe best cope with this challenge?
Dezentrale, selbstorganisierte und grenzüberschreitende Aktivitäten bestimmen zunehmend die globalen Entscheidungsprozesse. Staatliche Akteure verlieren an Boden, während politische und ökonomische Netzwerke zu Schlüsselakteuren geworden sind. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die Rolle der Normbildung und -durchsetzung durch transnationale Netzwerke. Diese Netzwerke beschränken sich weder auf die Artikulation...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.