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Distribution systems are supplying many customers with electricity requiring a high number of equipment and lines. It is tedious to analyze all low-voltage (LV) networks of a distribution system operator (DSO). Because of the large number of LV-networks within the system benchmark networks are required. For bulk analysis the networks have to represent a large number of networks within the system....
In the fall of 2010 the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development announced an interdisciplinary competition with the ambitious goal to design a house generating more energy than the inhabitants need for electricity, their mobility needs as well as the demand for heating, cooling and hot water - a so-called Efficiency House Plus. A further target was to maximize the own...
For the planning and operation of low-voltage systems models of the loads are needed. Little is known about residential loads besides the fact that they have a diverse behavior. This means that each residential load has seldom a maximum demand and the maximum demands of several customers do rarely coincide. As the number of residential customers increases the load curve of the group is becoming smoother.
Biological Inspiration for the design of flapping wing vehicles has been the source of numerous design efforts in the field of Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) development. For flapping flight in small birds and insects, high lift generation is typically a result of unsteady fluid flow phenomena. Our previous studies have conceptualized and demonstrated how a dragonfly inspired Quad-Winged Vehicle (QV)...
Network planning is a major task for every electric utility and the major goal is to comply with the loading capacity of the equipment and to provide the desired voltage to the customer. The difficulty is to model the customers demand and the loading of the equipment. A worst-case scenario coupled with an estimation of the load increase for the planning horizon is a typical engineering approach for...
Because of increasing economical pressures on network operators, the losses in the subtransmission and distribution systems are becoming more and more important. It is usually not economical to exchange equipment for the sole purpose of reducing losses; however, it is an important criterion when deciding to implement changes in the network. The computation of the energy loss with a network simulation...
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