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Silicon‐nitride‐on‐insulator (Si3N4) photonic circuits have seen tremendous advances in many applications, such as on‐chip frequency combs, Lidar, telecommunications, and spectroscopy. So far, the best film quality has been achieved with low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and high‐temperature annealing (1200°C). However, high processing temperatures pose challenges to the cointegration...
We demonstrate nonreciprocal light propagation in microresonators based on Kerr-effect-mediated symmetry breaking between counterpropagating light. In proof-of-principle experiments, we realize isolators and circulators with more than 20 dB isolation.
We present an intuitive frequency-domain model of microresonator-based frequency combs in which large numbers of comb modes act as a few superoscillators. Our model is linked to a recently-developed description of periodic pulse patterns (soliton crystals).
We present a novel scheme for dual comb generation in a single microresonator using orthogonal polarization states. The generated frequency combs with slightly different mode spacing could enable compact optical sources for multi-heterodyne spectroscopy experiments.
We present the experimental demonstration of a nonlinear enhanced gyroscope using counterpropagating light in a microresonator. This could enable the realization of integrated optical Sagnac sensors with enhanced sensitivity via the Kerr nonlinearity.
We demonstrate spontaneous symmetry breaking of counter-propagating states of light in optical microresonators. The symmetry breaking is induced by nonlinear interaction of counterpropagating light and leads to a splitting of clockwise and counterclockwise resonance frequencies.
It has been theoretically predicted in the 1980s that an optical ring resonator with Kerr nonlinearity that is pumped equally in both directions exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking [I], in which light of a given frequency can only propagate in one direction. Just outside of the symmetry-broken regime the system exhibits enhanced sensitivity to rotation [2]. The symmetry breaking was realized for...
Miniaturisation of optical circuits will play an important role in the realisation of future telecommunication networks. One challenge for the evolution of optical circuits is the difficulty in realising optical isolators overcoming the size limits of Faraday-based isolators and circulators[1].
Microresonator-based optical frequency combs (“microcombs”) have attracted lots of attention in the last few years. The process of comb generation in microresonators can be modelled in the frequency domain using coupled mode equations [1], and has also recently been successfully described in the time domain [2] using the Lugiato-Lefever equation [3]. Though time-domain approaches [4, 5] have brought...
The Nonlinear interaction between counterpropagating light has attracted significant attention in the context of unidirectional lasing in ring resonators and in nonlinear loop mirrors. In this work we demonstrate that Kerr-nonlinearity-mediated interaction between counterpropagating light in a passive ultra-high-Q microresonator can produce spontaneous symmetry breaking. When sending light of the...
We introduce a new nonlinear oscillator model governing the spontaneous creation of ultrashort pulses in Kerr-nonlinear parametric oscillators. This model explains the π and π/2 steps in our phase spectrum measurements of microresonator-based frequency combs.
We explore highly ordered configurations of up to 27 Kerr-cavity solitons in a silica disk microresonator. Our work relaxes thermal stability requirements for Kerr-soliton generation, and suggests a mechanism that mediates soliton interactions.
We demonstrate dispersion control in optical resonators over an octave of optical bandwidth. Dispersion is engineered lithographically and Q factor is maintained above 100 million, which is critical for efficient nonlinear devices such as microcombs.
We present a novel scheme for precise phase measurements of individual modes in microresonator-based optical frequency combs. We find microcomb states with characteristic phase-steps of multiples of π and π/2 in the comb spectrum.
Femtosecond-laser frequency combs have revolutionized optical frequency metrology and precision timekeeping by providing a dense set of absolute reference lines that can span in excess of an octave. Beyond their natural application as an optical clockwork [1], frequency combs are used in diverse applications including measurements of fundamental physics, direct spectroscopy, and real-time trace detection...
Microresonator-based optical frequency comb generation based on four-wave mixing in ultra-high-Q microresonators has attracted significant interest during the past years [1-4]. However, a missing element to make these combs stand-alone tools for metrology applications is the independent stabilization of their carrier envelope offset frequency (e.g. by using an f-2f self-referencing technique). This...
We discuss coherent control of parametric frequency-comb generation in microresonators. Pumping a microresonator with multiple optical frequencies enables not only robust control over the resulting comb's line spacing, but also access to low-noise comb spectra.
We present a hybrid electro-optically modulated microcomb system for stabilization of frequency comb repetition rates beyond 100 GHz at the 10−15 level. Moreover, we present frequency domain measurements on mode-locked states in microrod resonators.
We introduce piezo-electric mechanical control and stabilization of frequency combs produced in novel, laser-machined microresonators. The residual and absolute 1-second-stabilities of the 33 GHz comb spacing are 5×10−14 and ≤1.4×10−12, respectively.
We present line-spacing frequency control of a microresonator-based optical frequency comb by way of mechanical actuation. Using this novel technique, we have achieved a record level of residual stability in the line spacing of 5×10−15 for 1s averaging. This demonstrates the potential of microresonator combs to support clocks with stability derived from optical frequencies. This work has been performed...
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