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Stream classification service (SCS) is a novel concept proposed in the newly released IEEE 802.11aa standard for robust audio and video streaming, particularly for graceful degradation of streaming quality during network congestions. Based on intra-access category prioritisation (IACP), SCS is equipped with a pair of access category (AC) queues to differentiate real-time and non-real-time video streams,...
This paper presents a study on modeling a real-time picture-importance scheme, which is a dilemma problem between high accuracy and real-time applicability. A novel scheme called real-time group-of-pictures-averaged index (RGI) is proposed with two objectives: (1) providing a higher accuracy than the conventional real-time schemes such as I/P and EPL, and (2) still meeting the desired real-time constraint...
High quality video delivery over LTE is a challenging issue due to limited radio resources of the LTE base station. This paper presents a study on the dilemma problem for allocating radio resource blocks between video and background flows in the LTE downlink. We propose a new concept called minimum background fairness (MBF) and combine it with our earlier idea called generalized largest weighted delay...
This paper presents a novel multipath load balancing algorithm called priority-based adaptive weighting (PAW) for video over software defined networks (SDN). Based on priority differentiation among video packets, PAW adopts a per-packet strategy to distribute ingress video packets over the multiple egress ports of an entry SDN-switch connecting to those output links leading to the same IP destination,...
Quality delivery of real-time video over LTE has a high demand on radio resources, and thus imposes a challenging task on the design of a packet scheduler for the LTE base station (eNodeB). When the shared radio resources become less sufficient as the number of user equipments (UEs) increases, the best the conventional schedulers can do is to be both Channel-aware and QoS-aware, and provide flow-level...
Transmission loss is the major killer to quality delivery of video streaming, in particular in error-prone environments such as wireless channels. Moreover, indefinite packet delay/jitter can also induce effective loss of received packets at the receiver end due to real-time requirements by the play-out buffer. To address the real-time issue, we propose a novel cross-layer design called PN_DVFI+DPM,...
Multiple reference frame prediction (MRFP) is a new function adopted by H.264. This article studies the impact of MRFP to importance and prioritization of video frames. MRFP allows the use of long-term-memory reference frames and multiple-hypotheses signals for motion prediction and compensation, and can thus greatly change the error propagation behaviors of a lost video frame and reorder its importance...
Scalable video coding (SVC) can provide quality video delivery via layered structures of multi-dimensional scalabilities in error-prone transmission environments such as wireless LANs. However, further enhancement of wireless scalable video delivery demands a good cross-layer design. Considering both temporal and quality scalabilities, this paper proposes a novel cross-layer design called TLO+MPM,...
This paper develops a regularized discriminant analysis (RDA)-based boosting algorithm, and its application of the facial emotion recognition. The RDA-based boosting algorithm uses RDA as a learning rule in the boosting algorithm. The RDA combines strengths of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). It solves small sample size and ill-posed problems suffered from...
Cross-layer design is a promising direction and challenging issue for quality delivery of multimedia over wireless networks. This article proposes a cross-layer design which can substantially enhance the transmission quality of video streaming over 802.11e ad hoc networks. The proposed design consists of two parts: a dispersive video frame importance (DVFI) scheme in the application layer that can...
The FIFO characteristic of the access category queue (AC_VI) reserved for video in the 802.11e MAC limits its performance for high quality video transmission during traffic congestions. To enhance video transmission quality, further service differentiation among the video packets is preferred. To achieve this, this paper presents a novel cross-layer design by proposing a dispersive video frame importance...
The 802.11e EDCA can deliver quality of service for video transmission over wireless networks during traffic congestions based on the techniques of multiple access category (AC) queues and virtual collision, but its performance is limited by the first-in-first-out (FIFO) characteristic of the reserved AC_VI queue. In order to offer further service differentiation among video packets based on their...
Temporal Multiple Description Coding (T-MDC) is more robust to transmission errors in delivering video quality over networks than the conventional single description (streaming) coding (SDC). In general, T-MDC becomes more error resilient when the number of its descriptions increases, with a cost of higher bit rate overhead. Such an overhead should be constrained in a low bandwidth networking environment,...
The video quality of the conventional single description (streaming) coding (SDC) is vulnerable to transmission errors. Once a video frame is lost, it is likely to cause error propagation to the subsequent received frames, and this increases the difficulty of whole-frame error concealment by its preceding and/or succeeding reference frames. The temporal Multiple Description Coding (T-MDC) is more...
The IETF Differentiated Service (DiffServ) architecture can allow for establishing a modern large scale network which guarantees the quality of service. In order to realize the multiple levels of packet drop precedence required for the Assured Forwarding (AF) framework of DiffServ, a multi-level RED algorithm is needed. RIO (RED with In/Out) is suitable for the AF scheme, and two major RIO variants...
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