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Smart health care, smart transportation, smart buildings, smart homes, smart water networks and smart electric grids may form the main parts of future smart cities. Standard communication protocols facilitate interconnectivity between software components and assure interoperability between different stakeholders of these components. For electric grids, standards introduce an open Smart Grid for liberalized...
A large number of new and decentralized energy conversion systems (ECSs) in combination with renewable energy sources (RESs) have recently been integrated into the conventional grid to build up sustainable energy supply systems. This is one of main challenge of future smart grids. Thus, currently there are plenty researches focusing on the grid integration such as clustering concept. By clustering...
Distributed generators (DGs) in Smart Grids should actively participate in the grid control of active power (P), reactive power (Q), frequency (f), and voltage (U) through their grid interfaces, namely inverters. As these DGs are joining the existing conventional power systems and for smooth transition towards Smart Grids, these DGs must follow the existing grid control, which is used by the UCTE...
Distributed energy resources (DERs) of Smart Grids should actively participate in the control of grid state variables frequency and voltage through their interfaces, namely inverters. As these DERs are joining the existing conventional power systems, they must follow the existing grid control. However, standard communication between utilities and consumers who own these DERs is needed for the grid...
Recently, the distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources (RESs) is quickly penetrating and integrating into the power systems. Moreover, a large number of intelligent infrastructures are installed into the power systems in order to establish a future power system, called smart grid. However, the increased grid integration of these sources leads to significant structural changes...
Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are rapidly penetrating in power systems including their accompanying software and hardware (SW/HW) systems that are also distributed and related to different manufacturers and owners. Information integration and interoperability are two problems in distributed systems. This paper presents a comparison between the available integration middleware and standards for...
Grid interface units, namely inverters, can be used to function as primary controllers for distributed energy resources (DERs). To decrease the costs of the DERs integration in Smart Grids, two new functionalities added to the inverter are proposed in this paper. The first is the metering to count for the injected power into the grid and hence the inverter shares in business-related functions, which...
The increased grid integration of distributed generation technologies leads to significant structural changes for grid automation and control. There are still no sufficient strategies that are available for active grid integration of distributed generation units and their participation in grid control. New flexible concepts for control of the power system are required to ensure stable and secure operation...
In the future, distributed generation (DG) needs to be enabled to actively participate in control of grid voltage and frequency. An efficient grid integration strategy is required to interconnect the DG to conventional power systems and to improve the power quality and reliability (PQR) as well. The main task of the interconnected system is to control and maintain frequency and voltage of the power...
Distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic, fuel cells and micro turbines are emerging into power supply systems. Strategies of grid control integration, to emerge these sources are still lagging behind. These sources require interfacing units to provide the necessary crossing point to the grid. The cores of these interfacing units are power electronics technologies such as inverters (multifunctional...
The penetration of distributed generation is increasing to assist main power plants worldwide. An efficient strategy of grid control integration, to interconnect the DG systems to conventional power systems, is required to improve the power quality and reliability (PQR). The main task of the interconnected system is to control and maintain frequency and voltage of the power system in an acceptable...
Distributed generation (DG) technologies are emerging. Nevertheless, still no sufficient strategies for active grid integration of DG units and their participation in grid control are available. Including DG units into the control of the grid state variables and into secondary grid control, would enable a variety of additional features, specially supported by the decentralized character of the DG...
Distributed generation (DG) is recently integrating conventional power systems to assist main power plants to satisfy customer need. A control hierarchy to interconnect DG systems to conventional power systems is required to improve reliability and quality of power supply systems. The main task is to control the frequency and voltage of the systems. This task is currently done by using synchronous...
The analysis of distributed generation systems is a very important part of the overall development of future power systems. However, when researchers analyze full scale dynamic behavior of a synchronous generator connected to a distributed generation system, they face many complex tasks such as huge computational time. This paper presents a new modeling approach for distributed generation using Root-Mean-Square...
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