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A major obstacle to sustainable solar technologies is end-of-life solar modules. In this paper, a recycling process is proposed for wafer-Si modules. It is a three-step process to break down Si modules and recover various materials, leaving behind almost nothing for landfill. Two new technologies are demonstrated to enable the proposed recycling process. One is sequential electrowinning which allows...
Valuable and toxic metals including Ag, Pb, Sn and Cu can be recovered from end-of-life Si solar modules. This study presents the recovery of Ag, Pb, Sn and Cu from a simulated leach solution of crystalline-Si modules. 11.4% HNO3 is used as the leach solution. Ag, Pb, Sn and Cu pellets are dissolved in the solution to simulate the metals from front contacts and soldered wires in Si modules. Sn precipitates...
In this paper we report a spiking-resistant all-Al rear junction n-type monocrystalline Si solar cell with an efficiency of 18%. This 1×1 inch2 cell is fabricated by ionic liquid based electroplating of Al as the front electrode on an n-type Si solar cell with screen-printed Al as the rear junction. Partially-processed cells are prepared in an industrial R&D line of Canadian Solar. The cells are...
In this study, we use low-cost spray deposition to study the possibility of using an earth-abundant ZrO2 film as a antireflection and passivation layer on p-type Si. Structural, optical and electrical properties of the spray-deposited ZrO2 film were investigated. Spray deposited ZrO2 is highly transparent with a refractive index of 2 at 600 nm wavelength. Reflectance and transmittance spectra of ZrO2...
Efficiency dispersion in crystalline-Si solar cells is a major contributor to the high cost of Si PV systems. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis for efficiency dispersion in the production of crystalline-Si solar cells is presented based on numerical simulations. Various process variables are considered, including temperature variation in the diffusion furnace, wafer resistivity and finger electrode...
This paper reports aluminum (Al) electroplating as the metallization technique for the front finger electrode on n-type silicon (Si) in crystalline-Si solar cells. The development of the Al electroplating process is motivated by the limited reserves of silver (Ag) on this planet and the industry-wide push to reduce Ag usage for cost control. The new metallization process consists of: 1) patterning...
This paper presents an OTS model for PCM application based on the hopping transport process, which is widely used in the organic semiconductor device simulation. In this work an equivalent hopping probability model is presented according to the Abrahams-Miller formula, meanwhile an equivalent capacitor model is presented to depict the charge distribution in the amorphous GST. By coupling the hopping...
In this paper, a compact diode array model for Phase Change Memory (PCM) application is presented. From the diode array structure and numerical simulation result, a quasi-physical compact model is proposed by combining the classical diode equation and simplified bipolar device formulation. This model results in accurate calculation of different leakage current components with parameter setting. Furthermore,...
In this paper, a compact model for phase change memory (PCM) based on carrier transport mechanism is presented. In this model, the set and reset resistances of the cell are calculated through the traditional transport theory and the hopping transport theory respectively, coupling with the temperature and the phase-change kinetics calculation. With the temperature-sensing and storage module embedded,...
As one of the candidates of the next generation non-volatile memory(NVM), phase change memory(PCM) has been paid more attention. However, there are still many open issues such as numerical simulation to study. Phase transition is a temperature based process, which can be simulated by temperature profile generated by the device simulator coupled with the phase transition model. In this work, a phase...
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