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The US Department of Defense (DoD) plans to install large numbers of plug in electric vehicles on defense installations in the US. To help reach lifetime economic parity with conventional combustion engines, the parked vehicles will be used in vehicle to grid mode for frequency regulation and peak shaving. After termination of vehicle leases, these batteries will be used for second life stationary...
Although electric vehicles (EVs) and plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) yield significant gains in driving efficiency and CO2 reduction, the value of these systems are diminished by the cost of the battery subsystem. To offset the cost of electric vehicles, this paper presents two bi-directional charging architectures that use the batteries from electric vehicles for grid ancillary and facility...
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to reduce fossil fuel use, decrease pollution, and allow renewable energy sources for transportation, but their lithium ion battery subsystems are presently too expensive. Three enhancements to PHEVs are proposed here that can improve the economics. First, the incorporation of location information into the car's energy management algorithm...
A new aging model for Lithium Ion batteries is proposed based on theoretical models of crack propagation. This provides an exponential dependence of aging on stress such as depth of discharge. A measure of stress is derived from arbitrary charge and discharge histories to include mixed use in vehicles or vehicle to grid operations. This aging model is combined with an empirical equivalent circuit...
A new design is described for support electronics used with rate-integrating gyros in strapped-down operation. By using pulses of constant charge to a linear torquer, system simplicity is retained with accuracy of 40 ppm per year.
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