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The use of state-of-the-art 3G cellular CDMA technologies in a utility owned AMI network results in a large amount of control traffic relative to data traffic, increases the average packet delay and hence are not an appropriate choice for smart grid distribution applications. Like the CDG, we consider a utility owned cellular like CDMA network for smart grid distribution applications and classify...
The deployment of advanced metering infrastructure by electric utilities poses unique communication challenges, particularly as the number of meters per aggregator increases. When there is a power outage, a smart meter tries to report it instantaneously to the electric utility. In a densely populated residential/industrial locality, it is possible that a large number of smart meters simultaneously...
The post-mortem analysis of few blackouts in US and Europe has revealed that the Zone 3 of step-distance protection is one of the primary causes of blackouts in power systems. In order to provide the Zone 3 relays with situational awareness and prevent its undesirable tripping, we propose a non-intrusive agent based relay supervised distance protection scheme. In the proposed scheme, every relay protecting...
A recent research study compared different possible technologies like RF mesh, Power Line Carrier (PLC), GPRS, 3G cellular CDMA and arrived at a conclusion that the 3G cellular CDMA is an appropriate choice for smart metering application. A related work proposed a Hybrid Spread Spectrum (HSS) based Advanced smart Metering Infrastructure (AMI) network which reduces the MAC layer overhead, latency in...
The selection of the appropriate communication technology for different smart grid applications has drawn a great attention in the recent past. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid Spread Spectrum (HSS) based Advanced smart Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that reduces the overhead and latency in data transfer when compared to the use of 3G/4G technologies for smart meter data collection. We present a...
The post-mortem analysis of few blackouts in US and Europe concluded that the hidden failure induced tripping of distance relays is one of the primary causes of blackouts. In order to provide the distance relays with situational awareness and improve their robustness to hidden failures, a non-intrusive agent based relay supervised distance protection scheme is proposed in [1] and their results seemed...
In this paper, we propose a distributed agent based supervisory scheme to make Zone 3 relays robust to hidden failure induced tripping, facilitated by the communication network -- soon to become an integral parts of the smart grid. Possible elimination of Zone 3 relays (remote backup protection) has been studied in the recent past and these remote backup relays have been adjudged to be essential for...
In order to prevent cascading events caused by hidden failures in zone 3 relays, agent based relay architectures have been suggested in the recent past. In such architectures each zone 3 relay contains agents that require communication with other agents at various relevant relays in order to distinguish a real zone 3 event from a temporary overload. In the presence of hidden failures such temporary...
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