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In this study, natural dye sensitizer based solar cells were successfully fabricated and photovoltaic performance was measured. Sensitizer (turmeric) sources, dye extraction process, and photoanode sensitization time of the fabricated cells were analyzed and optimized. Dry turmeric, verdant turmeric, and powder turmeric were used as dye sources. Five distinct types of solvents were used for extraction...
In current literature various equivalent circuit models and reduction techniques have been demonstrated to study the behavior and performance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, most of these methods are very complex and predominantly use SPICE/HSPICE simulations resulting in high computational time. This paper presents a compact modeling approach for CNT interconnects. Results both in the time domain...
Global interconnects in deep-submicron (DSM) regime contribute a significant amount of power consumption and large propagation delay. As the global interconnect delay dictating the overall system performance, its variation also has larger impact on system performance in sub-threshold circuits. Due to the exponential relationship between weak-inversion current and the process-voltage-temperature (PVT)...
On-chip interconnect delay and crosstalk noise have become an important factor for performance and signal integrity as a result of increase in device densities and operating clock frequency in deep sub-micrometer (DSM) VLSI circuits. With faster rise times and lower resistance, interconnects exhibit significant inductive effect compared to capacitive effect. Therefore, various existing coding techniques...
There has been a proliferation of real-time sensing application due to the recent technological improvements in small, inexpensive, low-power, and distributed "smart" sensor nodes capable of doing a small amount of data processing and storage. Sensor network coordinates a collection of these sensor nodes to enable a high quality detection and measurement network in great details. Sensors...
Increasing limitations of copper interconnect with technology scaling drives us to look for new wiring solutions in high performance IC design. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates to address this challenge. Here the possibility of using a rearranged mixed bundle structure consisting of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been explored. SWCNT...
Conventional approach of copper interconnects has become a major bottleneck for VLSI system performance due to larger delay and increased susceptibility to noise in deep sub-micrometer (DSM) technology. Bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have been proposed as a possible replacement for copper interconnect due to their outstanding conductivity and current-carrying capabilities. This...
With the ever increasing degrees of integration, and operating speed in ultra large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits conventional approaches of hard-wired metal interconnects are encountering fundamental limits. Several revolutionary approaches have been proposed for an alternative to metal interconnect. One of the most feasible approaches is RF/wireless interconnects. This paper evaluates the system...
In CDMA packet transmission, it is customary to start each packet with a preamble consisting of pseudo-random (PN) code with no data modulation. The preamble facilitates receiver acquisition of the spreading code alignment and this is essential for decoding the spread spectrum signal. Since packets are short, matched filters are employed to provide rapid acquisition and, in this case, we use a segmented...
As the technology is shrinking, inductance crosstalk dominates the capacitive crosstalk and it is creating a significant bottleneck in high-speed deep sub-micron (DSM) digital circuits. For inductive coupling, worst-case delay occurs when all the bus lines simultaneously switch in the same direction. This switching case is the best case switching pattern for capacitive-dominant on-chip buses. Therefore,...
In ultra large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits conventional approaches of hard-wired metal interconnects are encountering fundamental limits. In order to get beyond this problem different revolutionary interconnect approaches have been explored. One of the most feasible approaches is RF/wireless interconnects, which are based on low-loss and dispersion-free microwave signal transmissions, near-field...
Increasing operating frequency of current and future VLSI systems is putting physical constraint on hard-wired metal interconnect. RF/wireless interconnect is considered to be one of the alternatives to conventional metal interconnect. This paper evaluates the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of to coherent binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) with linear and systematic channel coding in an intra-chip...
The use of different waste materials such as Atlantic Cod fish scale, chicken fat, coconut fibre and charcoal in removing arsenic [As(III) and As(V)] from aqueous solutions was investigated. Initial experimental runs, conducted for both As(III) and As(V) with the aforementioned materials, demonstrated the potential of using Atlantic Cod fish scale in removing both species of arsenic from aqueous streams...
In ultra large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits conventional approaches of hard-wired metal interconnects are encountering fundamental limits. In order to get beyond this problem different revolutionary interconnect approaches have been explored. One of the most feasible approaches is RF/wireless interconnects, which are based on low-loss and dispersion-free microwave signal transmissions, near-field...
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