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This paper describes a robust technique based on the fusion of 2D data and 3D information for hand segmentation. 2D data is the closed region delineated by the boundary and the color information. 3D data is provided by estimating the disparity map using images from two apart cameras. The disparity map is used for generating an intensity image with a rough range estimation for each pixel. The color...
Datapath merging is an efficient high level synthesis method to merge data flow graphs (DFGs), corresponding to two or more computational intensive loops. This process creates a general purpose datapaths (merged datapaths) instead of multiple datapaths that results in shorter bit-stream length and therefore reduces the configuration time in reconfigurable systems. The merged datapath, however has...
The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is an important operation in applications of digital signal processing. In this paper, we review several traditional DWT implementation approaches, e.g., application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, digital signal processors, general-purpose processors, and graphic processors, and discuss their limitations in terms of performance and...
The 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is a time-consuming kernel in many multimedia applications such as JPEG2000 and MPEG-4. The 2D DWT consists of horizontal filtering along the rows followed by vertical filtering along the columns. The vertical filtering is easy to vectorize (assuming row-major order), but to vectorize the horizontal filtering many overhead instructions are required. In this...
Feature extraction and similarity measurement are two important operations in content-based image retrieval systems. We optimize and vectorize typical feature extraction algorithms, mean and standard deviation, and some similarity measurement functions such as the sum-of-squared-differences (SSD), the sum-of-absolute differences (SAD), and histogram intersection on a general-purpose processor enhanced...
The 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) consumes up to 68% of the JPEG2000 encoding time. In this paper, we develop efficient implementations of this important kernel on general-purpose processors (GPPs), in particular the Pentium 4 (P4). Efficient implementations of the 2-D DWT on the P4 must address three issues. First, the P4 suffers from a problem known as 64K aliasing, which can degrade performance...
The 2D DWT consists of two 1D DWT in both directions: horizontal filtering processes the rows followed by vertical filtering processes the columns. It is well known that a straightforward implementation of the vertical filtering shows quite different performance with various working set sizes. The only reasonable explanation for this has to be the access behavior of the cache memory. As known, vertical...
Existing SIMD extensions cannot efficiently vectorize the histogram function due to memory collisions. We propose two techniques to avoid this problem. In the first, a hierarchical structure of three levels is proposed. In order to provide n-way parallelism, auxiliary arrays that have n and n/2 subarrays are used in the first and second level, respectively. The last level has the primary histogram...
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