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Functional descriptions of the heart, especially the left ventricle, are often based on the measured variables pressure and ventricular outflow, embodied as a time-varying elastance. The fundamental difficulty of describing the mechanical properties of the heart with a time-varying elastance function that is set a priori is described. As an alternative, a new functional model of the heart is presented,...
Functional descriptions of striated muscle are often based on the measured variables force and initial velocity of shortening, embodied as Hill's contractile element. The fundamental difficulty of describing the mechanical properties of muscle with a force-velocity relation that is set apriori, and the practical problem of the act of measurement changing muscle's force-velocity relation or elastance...
Striated muscle may be functionally described using a new analytical model that treats muscle as a time, length, and velocity dependent force generator. A single analytical function is able to describe a wide range of contractile phenomena, including isometric contractions, isotonic contractions, and transient behavior, as well as demonstrating a direct force-length relation for passive and active...
Sarcomeres are modeled by parallel and series arrangements of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments whose masses are considered. Contractile force is generated by viscoelastic crossbridge bonds which link the filaments. If bond formation is not perfectly synchronous throughout the sarcomere, small movements of thick with respect to thin filaments result. Such movements lead to bond detachment...
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