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Precision coaxial airline electrical characteristics can be derived from their physical properties such as physical dimensions and material properties. Characterizing a precision airline requires accurate physical measurements of the airline's internal diameter, lengths of outer and center conductors, pin depth, surface finish and material properties. Characteristic impedance, which is calculated...
A comparison of shielded 7 mm coaxial open circuits' capacitance with different center conductor is introduced. With analysis of the measurement results, a kind of special shielded open is suggested to be used as impedance standard for precision coaxial connectors, such as type N, GPC3.5, GPC2.92 in high frequency range.
Verification is a commonly used term in the test procedure for products. This paper discusses the metrological definitions and requirements of verification methods and techniques in microwave measurements. It is important to consider the basic components in constructing a verification procedure. ISO standards and American national standards on calibration and testing requirements are discussed. Examples...
The normalized error ratio is commonly used in the analysis of measurement comparisons. Most of its applications involve scalar quantities. This paper reports application of the En ratio to vector quantities. The measurement of a verification kit in conjunction with the recently introduced 70 kHz-to-70 GHz Anritsu vector network analyzer was used in comparison. This process was also extended to comparing...
Metrological traceability is defined as the property of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a reference through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty. A reference is a measurement unit including its practical realization. Unsupported air dielectric coaxial transmission lines (or air lines) have been used as primary reference...
An inline power sensor is used to measure the forward power passing from an RF source to load. It can be used to measure power under operating conditions such as during the installation, maintenance, and monitoring of base station transmitters. This paper is to report an overview of the characterization of key components of Anritsu Company's MA24104A Inline High Power Sensor. The characterization...
Typical power measurement references to the point value of 1 mW at 50 MHz. This point provides a traceability path to the National Standard for microwave power measurement. The Anritsu MA2411B pulse sensor starts with a low end of 300 MHz. Therefore, the reference power is set at 1 GHz. This report discusses the details of the test procedures and uncertainty budget in establishing specifications of...
The status of calibration service for vector network analyzers (VNAs) is introduced. Some recommendations are proposed to provide an efficient and traceable calibration service for VNA.
The IEEE microwave theory and techniques society (MTT-S) "Microwave Measurements" committee has recently set up an online forum aimed at uncertainty and quality of measurement. The "Errors and Uncertainties for VNA Measurements" forum focuses on methods that can be used to evaluate errors and uncertainties in vector network analyzer (VNA) and VNA-related measurements, particularly...
Historically the performance of Anritsu precision airlines was characterized using the swept reflectometer. The worst error or uncertainty of the airline was determined based on the ripple techniques. This usually includes the effect of the connectors or defects at the interface of the connections. As the ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) and ISO 17025 have become popular...
A microwave power sensor could measure the power levels ranging from 20 dBm to -70 dBm. The linearity is an important specification for accurate power measurements. The estimate of the linearity accuracy of power sensors is well-developed and studied. There are only limited papers and discussions on the validation of the power level linearity. In this report, we are presenting a statistical method,...
Noise is the fundamental to our understanding communication. For the last ten years and with the emerging of the wireless communication industry, the demand of making high accurate noise generator measurements has increased dramatically. The increased accuracy specification of the Noise Figure Analyzers is based in part on better calibrations of the Noise Source. Our primary noise source standards...
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