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A parameter adjustment method of PID controller with BP neural network is developed and applied to freeway on-ramp metering in this paper. Firstly, the objective of ramp metering is determined, and a traffic flow model to describe the freeway flow process is built. Then the learning algorithm of BP neural network for adjusting the proportional, integral and differential coefficients is formulated...
Innovation is a social process. The interaction between multiple social domains determines fierce competitive environment of innovation. This article presents a theory of evolutional mechanism of innovation, defines the specific concepts of the four social domains and analyses three selection and evolutionary stages of the process of innovation evolution. And one time, a case study of the selection...
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