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As peer‐to‐peer (P2P) file‐sharing systems revolve around cooperation, the design of upload incentives has been one of the most important topics in P2P research for more than a decade. Several deployed systems, such as private BitTorrent communities, successfully manage to foster cooperation by banning peers when their sharing ratio becomes too low. Interestingly, recent measurements have shown that...
During the last decade of P2P research a lot of attention has been given to incentive mechanisms. While centralized incentive mechanisms are straightforward in their design, a long term challenge has been to create a decentralized incentive mechanism that can be used to effectively induce cooperation and reduce freeriding. While there have been many proposals of such mechanisms based on the spreading...
Enhancing reciprocity has been one of the primary motivations for the design of incentive policies in BitTorrent-like P2P systems. Reciprocity implies that peers need to contribute their bandwidth to other peers if they want to receive bandwidth in return. However, the over-provisioning that characterizes today's BitTorrent communities and the development of many next-generation P2P systems with real-time...
Most P2P systems that have some kind of incentive mechanism reward peers according to their contribution, i.e. total bandwidth offered to the system. Due to the disparity in bandwidth capacity between P2P users on the Internet, the common effect of such mechanisms is that the fastest peers reap the highest benefits. We take a different approach and study how to incentivize cooperation in P2P systems...
Many P2P systems have been designed without taking into account an important factor: a large fraction of Internet users nowadays are located behind a network address translator (NAT) or a firewall, making them unable to accept incoming connections (i.e. unconnectable). Peers suffering from this limitation cannot fully enjoy the advantages offered by the P2P architecture and thus they are likely to...
A number of analytical models exists that capture various properties of the BitTorrent protocol. However, until now virtually all of these models have been based on the assumption that the peers in the system have homogeneous bandwidths. As this is highly unrealistic in real swarms, these models have very limited applicability. Most of all, these models implicitly ignore BitTorrent's most important...
BitTorrent is a highly popular peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. Much BitTorrent activity takes place within private virtual communities called "private trackers" - a server that allows only community members to share files. Many private trackers implement "ratio enforcement" where the tracker monitors the upload and download behavior of peers. If a peer downloads substantially...
The explosion of freely available media content through BitTorrent file sharing networks over the Internet means that users need guides or recommendations to find the right, high quality, content. Current systems rely on centralized servers to aggregate, rate and moderate metadata for this purpose. We present the design and simulations, using real BitTorrent traces, for a method combining fully decentralized...
A well-known problem in P2P systems is freeriding, where users do not share content if there is no incentive to do so. In this paper, we distinguish lazy freeriders that are merely reluctant to share but follow the protocol, versus die-hard freeriders that employ sophisticated methods to subvert the protocol. Existing incentive designs often provide theoretically attractive resistance against die-hard...
The popular and well-known BitTorrent peer-to-peer protocol offers fast file distribution in a highly scalable way. Several studies have investigated the properties of this protocol, mostly focusing on heterogeneous end-user environments such as the Internet, with asymmetric connections. In this paper however, we focus on the usage of the BitTorrent protocol in homogeneous local environments with...
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