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Gas diffusion through the porous microstructure of sea ice represents a pathway for ocean–atmosphere exchange and for transport of biogenic gases produced within sea ice. We report on the experimental determination of the bulk gas diffusion coefficients, D, for oxygen (O2) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) through columnar sea ice under constant ice thickness conditions for ice surface temperatures between...
Photovoltaic (PV) penetration in the grid connected power system has been growing. Currently, PV electricity is usually directly sold back to the energy supplier at a fixed price nd subsidy. However, subsidies should always be a temporary policy, and will eventually be terminated. A question is raised whether grid-connected PV generation will be more beneficial by making biddings in power markets...
This paper describes the techniques that have been used by the winning entry of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC2007) and the CIG2007 car racing competitions. The challenge is to race against an opponent around a track, trying to get as many points as possible. Previous research on similar problems are mostly based on either state-based or action-based controller architectures...
Chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 (CCl 3 F), CFC-12 (CCl 2 F 2 ), and CFC-113 (CCl 2 F–CClF 2 ) are used in hydrology as transient tracers under the assumption of conservative behavior in the unsaturated and saturated soil zones. However, laboratory and field studies have shown that these compounds are not stable under anaerobic conditions. To determine the degradation...
We describe the application of the Business Process Modeling Notation to the redesign of a service management process in a truck dealership in the N.E. US. After the deployment of a new service management system did not lead to the expected efficiency gains the authors were asked to analyze the as-is service process, make suggestions for improvement, and simulate the financial impact of the proposed...
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