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Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Continues demand for electricity energy leads to increase the short circuit levels along the network, which itself causes...
Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of the distance protection, compared with over-current protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper studies the measured impedance at the source node of a distribution feeder with...
This paper presents the effects of STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM), one of the shunt connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, on the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of the inter phase, phase to phase and three phase, faults. The measured impedance at the relaying point is affected by several factors, including the line pre-fault loading,...
Distance protection is not utilized in distribution networks, unlike the transmission systems, due to the inherent characteristic of the distribution networks and the additional required facilities of the distance protection, compared with overcurrent protection, which is in use in the distribution systems. This paper studies the measured impedance at the source node of a distribution feeder with...
Distance relays are widely used as the main and back-up protection for transmission lines. They operate based on measured impedance at the relaying point, which is affected by several factors including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. Introduction of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices imposes further changes on the measured impedance at...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, i.e. static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) which is equipped with a superconductor magnetic energy storage (SMES). The presence of SMES equipped SSSC on a transmission line greatly influences the tripping characteristic...
This paper discusses the distance relay mal-operation in the presence of static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), one of the series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device. This is done by presenting the measured impedance at the relaying point in the case of SSSC presence at the near end of the line behind. Measured impedance by distance relay is greatly influenced...
Distance relays operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, and can be affected by several factors, such as power system structural and operational conditions. With the growing loads, and limits for rights of paths for new transmission lines, resulting in interdiction of more and more double-circuit transmission lines and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices into...
Distance relays are widely used as main and back-up protection for transmission lines. Their operation is based on impedance measurement at the relaying point, which can be affected by several factors, including pre-fault line loading and short circuit levels at the line ends. The problem of growing loads and limited paths for new transmission lines, has been somehow overcome by introduction of flexible...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of one of the series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, i.e. static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The presence of SSSC on a transmission line greatly influences the tripping characteristic of distance relays. Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of a series connected flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) device, i.e. static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The presence of SSSC on a transmission line has a great influence on the tripping characteristic of distance relays. Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power...
This paper presents the measured impedance at the relaying point in the presence of a flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) device, i.e. unified power flow controller (UPFC). The presence of UPFC on a transmission line has a great influence on the tripping characteristic of distance relays. Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power system structural conditions...
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