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An important factor that affects the cost of WDM networks is the number of wavelengths to be added/dropped by reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexers (ROADMs). Limiting the range of wavelengths that can be accessed at a node reduces costs. In this paper, we study wavelength assignment (WA) in WDM bi-directional ring networks with limited reconfigurability and take up the problem of supporting...
In this paper, we give an integer linear programming formulation and present a heuristic algorithm to minimize the worst-case tuning ROADM range in a bi-directional ring network to support all-to-all traffic.
With increasing packet-based traffic in metro networks, fast reconfigurability is becoming a requirement for optical networks. Since manual reconfiguration could take weeks, carriers are upgrading their SONET/SDH infrastructures with reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) and tunable optical filters. This paper looks at the issue of the impact of reconfigurability on a network's performance.
In this paper, we consider a unidirectional ring network with limited reconfigurability and take up the problem of supporting all-to-all traffic - while minimizing the worst-case wavelength range of the reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexers (ROADMs). ROADMs can be limited in range (L-ROADMs) or have full range (F-ROADMs). The cost of such a network is dominated by the number of wavelengths...
MR-Relaxation (MRR) of 1 H nuclei and MR-Cryoporometry (MRC) are combined to assess their feasibility and their potential in the study of bone microstructure. In principle, both techniques are able to give information on the structure of the pore space confining the fluids. Cow femur samples were carefully cored and cleaned in order to remove the natural fluids inside. For MRR analysis quasi-continuous...
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