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In this paper, we present an approach to calculate the wavefront in the back pupil plane of an objective in a fluorescent MACROscope. We use the three-dimensional image of a fluorescent bead because it contains potential pupil information in the `far' out-of-focus planes for sensing the wavefront at the back focal plane of the objective. Wavefront sensing by phase retrieval technique is needed for...
In this paper, we model the point-spread function (PSF) of a fluorescence MACROscope with a field aberration. The MACROscope is an imaging arrangement that is designed to directly study small and large specimen preparations without physically sectioning them. However, due to the different optical components of the MACROscope, it cannot achieve the condition of lateral spatial invariance for all magnifications...
In this paper we propose a method for retrieving the Point Spread Function (PSF) of an imaging system given the observed image sections of a fluorescent microsphere. Theoretically calculated PSFs often lack the experimental or microscope specific signatures while empirically obtained data are either over sized or (and) too noisy. The effect of noise and the influence of the microsphere size can be...
Optical Sections of biological samples obtained from a fluorescence Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopes (CLSM) are often degraded by out-of-focus blur and photon counting noise. Such physical constraints on the observation are a result of the diffraction-limited nature of the optical system, and the reduced amount of light detected by the photomultiplier respectively. Hence, the image stacks can benefit...
In this paper, we propose a method for the iterative restoration of fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) images and parametric estimation of the acquisition system's point spread function (PSF). The CLSM is an optical fluorescence microscope that scans a specimen in 3D and uses a pinhole to reject most of the out-of-focus light. However, the quality of the images suffers from two...
In this paper, we propose a new method to solve the problem of fixed-valued impulsive noise reduction in images. Nonlinear filter like the median filter (MF) is useful for reducing random noise and periodical patterns, but direct median filtering have undesirable side effects such as smoothening of noise free regions, which results in loss of image detail and distortion of the signal. Impulse noise...
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