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Acetone cluster ions were produced by the adiabatic expansion method without using a support gas. The acceleration voltage of the acetone cluster ion beam was from 3 to 9kV. The sputter depths of silicon irradiated with acetone cluster ion beams increased with acceleration voltage and fluence of the acetone cluster ion beams. The sputter depth was close to that induced by the ethanol cluster ion beam...
In distributed industrial control systems, functions of control units differ slightly although they seem to be identical. Functions change when hardware is replaced or when the function itself is upgraded. If the standard system is generated by merging the differences and is installed then to each control unit, control units become different with maintenance being carried out in each control unit...
Many kinds of devices are now installed in train cars. The bandwidths on train networks are also becoming very large and computerized systems are able to dynamically adjust themselves to changes in the cars' structure. We propose a new software framework for management machines used in trains that improves flexibility, scalability and productivity. It features two hierarchical layers in which the...
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