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In supersaturated solutions the period preceding the start of ‘measurable’ crystallization is normally referred to as the ‘induction time’. This research project aimed to investigate the induction times of CaCO 3 in the presence of Mg 2+ and SO 42− . The prepared synthetic solutions have the same ionic strength values found in the Gulf of Oman SWRO concentrates at 30%...
The pH of seawater reverse osmosis plants (SWRO) is the most influential parameter in determining the degree of supersaturation of CaCO 3 in the concentrate stream. For this, the results of pH measurements of the concentrate of a seawater reverse osmosis pilot plant were compared with pH calculations based on the CO 2 ―HCO 3− ―CO 32− system equilibrium equations...
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