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Cerebral emboli have been detected during intramedullary orthopaedic procedures. The quantity of emboli produced and their clinical effects are currently not known. This study aimed to quantify the intra-operative cerebral embolic load using transcranial Doppler ultrasound during the intramedullary stabilisation of femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures. Clinical cognitive function was also assessed...
The extended deltoid-splitting approach was developed as an alternative to the deltopectoral approach in the treatment of three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures. The aim of our prospective study was to determine whether this approach was associated with evidence of nerve injury, functional deficits or other complications in these cases, during the first year following reconstruction.Over...
Clinical examination of suspected scaphoid fractures is sensitive, but not specific, and initial plain radiographs lack sensitivity. A variety of second-line imaging techniques have been proposed to improve immediate diagnosis and reduce overtreatment. Different sample populations and methods of reporting test performance have made side-by-side comparison difficult. The aim of this study is to describe...
Fractures and dislocations involving the shoulder girdle are common. If these injuries occur after high-energy trauma, initial assessment must follow Advanced Trauma Life Support™ (ATLS)™ guidelines to identify associated life-threatening injuries. Physical examination must include a thorough neurovascular assessment of the upper limb, with particular attention to the axillary nerve and brachial plexus...
Shoulder pain is usually caused by a small number of relatively common conditions. Clinical history and examination are essential in the diagnosis of shoulder pain, after which investigations often assist in confirming the diagnosis.One of the commonest causes of shoulder pain is rotator cuff disease, which can be due to impingement syndrome (where the acromion impinges on the supraspinatus tendon)...
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