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Since November of 2006, The Mars Color Imager (MARCI) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has obtained multiple-filter daily global images of Mars centered upon a local time (LT) of 3pm. Ultraviolet imaging bands placed within (260nm) and longward (320nm) of Hartley band (240–300nm) ozone (O3) absorption support retrievals of atmospheric ozone columns, with detection limits (∼1μm-atm) appropriate...
Dust aerosol plays a fundamental role in the behavior and evolution of the martian atmosphere. The first five Mars years of Mars Exploration Rover data provide an unprecedented record of the dust load at two sites. This record is useful for characterization of the atmosphere at the sites and as ground truth for orbital observations. Atmospheric extinction optical depths have been derived from solar...
The Mars Science Laboratory mission aims to land a car-sized rover on Mars’ surface and operate it for at least one Mars year in order to assess whether its field area was ever capable of supporting microbial life. Here we describe the approach used to identify, characterize, and assess environmental risks to the landing and rover surface operations. Novel entry, descent, and landing approaches will...
Observations by the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) in two ultraviolet (UV, Bands 6 and 7; 258nm, and 320nm, respectively) and one visible (Band 1, 436nm) channels of the 2007 planet encircling dust storm are combined with those made by the two Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) to better characterize the single scattering albedo (ω0) of martian dust aerosols....
We used MGS–MOC and MRO–MARCI daily mapping images of the North Polar Region of Mars from 16 August 2005 (L s =270°) to 21 May 2009 (L s =270°), covering portions of three consecutive martian years (MY 27–MY 29), to observe the seasonal behavior of the polar ice cap and atmospheric phenomena. The rate of cap regression was similar in MY 28 and MY 29, but was advanced by 3.5° of L ...
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) visible (solarband bolometer) and thermal infrared (IR) spectral limb observations from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) support quantitative profile retrievals for dust opacity and particle sizes during the 2001 global dust event on Mars. The current analysis considers the behavior of dust lifted to altitudes above 30km during the course of this storm; in terms of...
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter observes Mars from a nearly circular, polar orbit. From this vantage point, the Mars Color Imager extends the ∼5 Mars years record of Mars Global Surveyor global, visible-wavelength multi-color observations of meteorological events and adds measurements at three additional visible and two ultraviolet wavelengths. Observations of the global distribution of ozone (which...
From 15 September 1997 through 21 January 2006, only a single planet-encircling martian dust storm was observed by MGS-MOC. The onset of the storm occurred on 26 June 2001 (Ls=184.7°), earliest recorded to date. It was initiated in the southern mid-to-low latitudes by a series of local dust storm pulses that developed along the seasonal cap edge in Malea and in Hellas basin (Ls=176.2°–184.4°). The...
Using Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera daily global maps, cloud areas have been measured daily for water ice clouds associated with the topography of the major volcanoes Olympus Mons, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, Arsia Mons, Elysium Mons, and Alba Patera. This study expands on that of Benson et al. [Benson, J.L., Bonev, B.P., James, P.B., Shan, K.J., Cantor, B.A., Caplinger, M.A., 2003. Icarus...
The Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera was used to obtain global maps of the martian surface with equatorial resolution of 7.5 km/pixel in two wavelength ranges: blue (400-450 nm) and red (575-625 nm). The maps used were acquired between March 15, 1999 (L s =110 o ) and July 31, 2001 (L s =205 o ), corresponding to approximately one and a quarter martian years...
Lithology and physical properties of strata exposed at the Earth's surface have direct influence on the erosion and geomorphic expression of landforms. While this is well known on our planet, examples on Mars are just coming to light among the tens of thousands of airphoto-quality images (resolutions 1.5-12 m/pixel) acquired since 1997 by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC). Specific...
The wide-angle cameras of the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) on the Mars Global Surveyor have recorded the 2000 recession of the seasonal CO 2 cap in the north polar region from L S =330 o to 90 o . In stark contrast to the asymmetric behavior of the south seasonal cap, the seasonal north cap remains relatively circular and uniform until mid-spring when the retreat reaches...
A program of synoptic monitoring of Mars was carried out with the Hubble Space Telescope from August 8, 1994, through October 9, 1997, using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2). With the improved optics of the WFPC2 and the high angular resolution of the Planetary Camera (0.0442-0.0455 arcsec/pixel) we have been able to use these images to study the properties of the martian satellite Phobos...
Hubble Space Telescope imaging of Mars from December 13, 1990, through April 17, 1997, has resulted in the synoptic monitoring of parts of four consecutive martian north polar cap regressional cycles spanningL s = 335.65° toL s = 144.56°. The 1990–1993 observations were obtained with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 1 (WFPC1) instrument while subsequent observations from 1994 to 1997...
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