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Immune responses to poorly immunogenic antigens, such as polysaccharides, can be enhanced by conjugation to carriers. Our previous studies indicate that conjugation to Vi polysaccharide of Salmonella Typhi may also enhance immunogenicity of some protein carriers. We therefore explored the possibility of generating a bivalent vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria and typhoid fever, which are...
The majority of conjugate vaccines focus on inducing an antibody response to the polysaccharide antigen and the carrier protein is present primarily to induce a T-cell dependent response. In this study conjugates consisting of poly(ribosylribitolphosphate) (PRP) purified from Haemophilus influenzae Type b bound to Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) virus like particles were prepared with the...
Vi capsular polysaccharide is the major component of Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccines. Vi is synthesized during growth of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi and is released into the fermentation broth in large quantities. Along with the Vi considerable amounts of impurities consisting of bacterial protein, nucleic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as media components contaminate...
The influence pre-exposure of mice to Vi capsular polysaccharide, purified from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi, on the subsequent immune response induced by a Vi-diphtheria toxoid (Vi-DT) conjugate was evaluated. Vi induced low anti Vi IgG titers with the dominant subclass being IgG3. The Vi-DT conjugate induced high titers of anti Vi IgG with the dominant subclass being IgG1 but with considerable...
In this study it was demonstrated that the immunogenicity of Vi polysaccharide–diphtheria toxoid conjugates was related to the physical and chemical structure of the conjugate. Conjugates were prepared in two steps, firstly binding adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) spacer molecules to diphtheria toxoid (DT) carrier protein then secondly binding varying amounts of this derivatized DT to a fixed amount...
A method for the purification of Vi capsular polysaccharide produced during fermentation of Salmonella typhi was developed. A number of wild type isolates of S. typhi were obtained from National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) India and screened for their capacity to produce Vi. One isolate designated C6524 produced more Vi than any of the other isolates so was selected as a potential...
Vi capsular polysaccharide is synthesized during growth of Salmonella typhi Ty2 and is spontaneously released from the bacterial cells into the culture medium during culture. Vi production was dependent on cell growth and the greater the cell mass the greater the production of Vi. Using fed batch culture to optimize bacterial growth resulted is an increase in cell mass and consequently Vi production...
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