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As a response to viral infection, cells express the early inflammatory genes that encode small proteins generally called cytokines or chemokines. These protein can activate immune responses to viral infection as well as to modulate directly the outcome of viral infection. The group of proteins with the direct antiviral effects have been called interferons. The stimulation of interferon synthesis...
Previous studies have shown that expression of HIV-1 provirus was enhanced in cells co-infected with the herpes virus and that HSV-1-mediated induction of the HIV-1 provirus expression involved both NF-κB-dependent and NF-κB-independent mechanisms. Nuclear NF-κB complexes could be detected approximately 8 hr after HSV-1 infection. Using NF-κB-specific antibodies in a mobility shift assay, we have...
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