Search results for: Julie S. Downs

Items from 1 to 14 out of 14 results

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Video Intervention to Increase Perceived Self-Efficacy for Condom Use in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Female Adolescents

Julie S. Downs, Amie M. Ashcraft, Pamela J. Murray, Elise D. Berlan, more

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology > 2018 > 31 > 3 > 291-298.e2

To assess the effects of the Seventeen Days interactive video on young women's perceived self-efficacy for using condoms 6 months after being offered the intervention, relative to a control.Multisite randomized controlled trial.Twenty participating health clinics and county health departments in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia.Sexually active female adolescents ages 14 to 19 years.Seventeen...

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Experimental Tests of Risk Ladders in the Elicitation of Perceived Likelihood

Alexander Persoskie, Julie S. Downs

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making > 28 > 5 > 424 - 436

Risk ladders have the potential to improve numeric judgments of low‐likelihood events by providing information about the likelihoods of comparison risks, thereby letting respondents make risk estimates “in context.” However, to date this tool has been studied systematically only in communication of risk, not in elicitation of perceived likelihoods. In three studies, we evaluated the benefits of risk...

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Can You Get an STI From A Virgin? The Answer Might Surprise You: Intervention Improves Knowledge About Sexual Risk Perceptions

Pamela J. Murray, Amie M. Ashcraft, Julie S. Downs

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology > 2015 > 28 > 2 > e42-e43

article

147. Can You Get an STI From a Virgin? The Answer Might Surprise you Intervention Improves Knowledge About Sexual Risk Perceptions

Julie S. Downs, Amie M. Ashcraft, Pamela J. Murray

Journal of Adolescent Health > 2015 > 56 > 2 Supplement 1 > S76-S77

article

Does “Healthy” Fast Food Exist? The Gap Between Perceptions and Behavior

Julie S. Downs

Journal of Adolescent Health > 2013 > 53 > 4 > 429-430

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The effect of question wording on consumers’ reported inflation expectations

Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Wilbert van der Klaauw, Giorgio Topa, Julie S. Downs, more

Journal of Economic Psychology > 2012 > 33 > 4 > 749-757

Economists and policy makers increasingly consult national household surveys asking individuals about their economic circumstances, financial decisions, and expectations for the future. For decades, the Reuters/Michigan Survey of Consumers and other national surveys have asked about expectations for “prices in general”, with responses being used by academic economists, policy makers, and central bankers...

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Bridging the Gap in Computer Security Warnings: A Mental Model Approach

Cristian Bravo-Lillo, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Julie S Downs, Saranga Komanduri

IEEE Security & Privacy > 2011 > 9 > 2 > 18 - 26

Computer security warnings are intended to protect users and their computers. However, research suggests that these warnings might be largely ineffective because they're frequently ignored. The authors describe a mental model interview study designed to gain insight into how advanced and novice computer users perceive and respond to computer warnings. Developers can leverage the approaches of advanced...

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Expectations of Inflation: The Role of Demographic Variables, Expectation Formation, and Financial Literacy

WÄNDI BRUINE de BRUIN, WILBERT VANDERKLAAUW, JULIE S. DOWNS, BARUCH FISCHHOFF, more

Journal of Consumer Affairs > 44 > 2 > 381 - 402

When financial decisions have consequences beyond the immediate future, individuals' economic success may depend on their ability to forecast the rate of inflation. Higher inflation expectations have been reported by individuals who are female, poorer, single and less educated. Our results suggest that these demographic differences in inflation expectations may be partially explained by variations in expectation formation and financial literacy. Specifically, higher inflation expectations were reported by individuals who focused more on how to cover their future expenses and on prices they pay (rather than on the US inflation rate) and by individuals with lower financial literacy....

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Parents’ vaccination comprehension and decisions

Julie S. Downs, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Baruch Fischhoff

Vaccine > 2008 > 26 > 12 > 1595-1607

We report on 30 in-depth mental models interviews with parents discussing vaccination for their children, both in general terms and in response to communications drawn from sources supporting and opposing vaccines. We found that even parents favourable to vaccination can be confused by the ongoing debate, leading them to question their choices. Many parents lack basic knowledge of how vaccines work,...

article

Specific STI knowledge may be acquired too late

Julie S. Downs, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Pamela J. Murray, Baruch Fischhoff

Journal of Adolescent Health > 2006 > 38 > 1 > 65-67

Adolescent females in this study knew more about their previously diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than about other STIs, including ones that they had unknowingly contracted. They appeared to learn about STIs primarily after diagnosis, too late for effective prevention, early detection, or prompt treatment of their disease.

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Interactive video behavioral intervention to reduce adolescent females' STD risk: a randomized controlled trial

Julie S. Downs, Pamela J. Murray, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Joyce Penrose, more

Social Science & Medicine > 2004 > 59 > 8 > 1561-1572

A longitudinal randomized design was used to evaluate the impact of a theoretically based, stand-alone interactive video intervention on 300 urban adolescent girls' (a) knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), (b) self-reported sexual risk behavior, and (c) STD acquisition. It was compared to two controls, representing high-quality informational interventions. One used the same content...

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Previous clinical diagnosis of chlamydia helps patients predict outcome of new chlamydia clinical test

Pamela J. Murray, Julie S. Downs, Joyce P. White, Baruch Fischhoff, more

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology > 2000 > 13 > 2 > 98

Background: As part of an ongoing clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at decreasing STDs in adolescent females, a host of different background measures were collected at baseline. These measures include self-reported behaviors, risk and probability estimates concerning STDs, self-reported prior medical diagnoses, and a Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection assay, among...

article

Why some are perceived as more confident and more insecure, more reckless and more cautious, more trusting and more suspicious, than others: Enriched and impoverished options in social judgment

Julie S. Downs, Eldar Shafir

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review > 1999 > 6 > 4 > 598-610

In line with the principle of compatibility, when making social judgments, people tend to focus on personality attributes compatible with the trait under consideration. Better known, orenriched, personages are more likely to present attributes that are compatible with a particular trait than are personages about whom little is known. As a result, enriched personages are more likely to have various,...

article

Adolescent vulnerability: A framework for behavioral interventions

Baruch Fischhoff, Julie S. Downs, Wändi Bruine de Bruin

Applied and Preventive Psychology > 1998 > 7 > 2 > 77-94

A general framework is offered for characterizing behavioral risks in a way that might help coordinate behavioral interventions. It is demonstrated in terms of adolescents' vulnerability, arising from the life situations confronting teens, from teens' understanding of those situations, and from the beliefs of those entrusted with helping them (parents, educators, psychologists, etc.). The framework...

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