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Food-borne BoNTs in the gastrointestinal lumen must cross an epithelial barrier to reach nerve terminals to mediate toxicity. The detailed mechanism by which BoNTs traverse this barrier and enter the circulation remains unclear.Type B BoNT forms two distinct complexes, 12S and 16S, through associations with different sets of non-toxic proteins (non-toxic neurotoxin-associated proteins, NAPs). The...