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Sleep is of major importance to most organisms but insights into how sleep is affected by ecological processes are largely lacking. Perceived predation risk constitutes a major factor that should shape adaptive phenotypic plasticity in sleep but it is unclear to what degree an individual can tailor sleep to different types of risk. If animals base behavioural decisions on the predation landscape then...
In many species, there are antipredator benefits of grouping with conspecifics. For example, animals often aggregate to better avoid potential predators (the ‘avoidance hypothesis’). Animals also often group together in direct response to predators to facilitate escape (the ‘escape hypothesis’). The avoidance hypothesis predicts that animals with previous experience with predation risk will aggregate...
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