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Osteoporotic (low-trauma) fractures are a significant public health problem. Over 50% of women over 50yrs. of age will suffer an osteoporotic fracture in their remaining lifetimes. While current therapies reduce skeletal fracture risk by maintaining or increasing bone density, additional information is needed that includes the intrinsic material strength properties of bone tissue to help develop better...
This review reports on proceedings of a bone histomorphometry session conducted at the Fortieth International IBMS Sun Valley Skeletal Tissue Biology Workshop held on August 1, 2010. The session was prompted by recent technical problems encountered in conducting histomorphometry on bone biopsies from humans and animals treated with anti-remodeling agents such as bisphosphonates and RANKL antibodies...
Treatment with parathyroid hormone [PTH(1–84)] increases lumbar spine bone mineral density and decreases vertebral fractures, but its effects on bone microarchitecture are unknown. We obtained iliac crest biopsies from postmenopausal osteoporotic women given placebo (n=8) or 100 μg PTH(1–84) for 18 (n=8) or 24 (n=7) months to assess cancellous and cortical bone formation and structure. At 18 months,...
Daily treatment of ovariectomized (OVX) adult rhesus monkeys with human parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1–84 for 16 months increases trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), number (Tb.N) and connectivity at lumbar vertebra-3 (L3) and thoracic vertebra-10. We proposed that the increased Tb.N and connectivity was achieved by stimulation of intratrabecular tunneling. Using histomorphometry to determine frequency of...
Treatment with parathyroid hormone 1–84 (PTH) or teriparatide increases osteonal remodeling and decreases bone mineral density (BMD) at cortical (Ct) bone sites but may also increase bone size. Decreases in BMD and increases in size exert opposing effects on bone strength. In adult ovariectomized (OVX) rhesus monkeys, we assessed the effects of daily PTH treatment (5, 10 or 25 μg/kg) for 16 months...
Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a disorder of excess skeletal fragility, due partly to changes in bone microstructure. Menopause is known to result in bone loss and reduction in bone mechanical strength. However, the mechanism and nature of microstructural changes at menopause need more detailed description and analyses. The overall hypothesis for this analysis is that the variables describing trabecular...
The mutation responsible for the high bone mass (HBM) phenotype has been postulated to act through the adaptive response of bone to mechanical load resulting in denser and stronger skeletons in humans and animals. The bone phenotype of members of a HBM family is characterized by normally shaped bones that are exceptionally dense, particularly at load bearing sites [Cancer Res. 59 (1999) 1572]. The...
This study investigated the effects of nicotine on bone mass and biomechanical properties in aged, estrogen-replete (sham-operated) and estrogen-deplete (ovariectomized) female rats. Eight month old, retired breeder, sham-operated and ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were left untreated for 12 weeks to establish cancellous osteopenia in the ovariectomized group. The animals were then administered...
Using a clinically relevant regimen, this study investigated the effects of treatment with ibandronate, a highly potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, on bone loss, biochemical markers of bone turnover, densitometry, histomorphometry, biomechanical properties, and bone concentration in aged ovariectomized monkeys. Sixty-six female cynomolgus monkeys, aged 9 years and older, were ovariectomized...
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