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Extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs)-1 and -2 are members of the MAPK family of protein kinases involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of bone cells. We have shown previously that ROS 17/2.8 cells show increased activation of ERK-1 or -2, which is sustained for 24 h, when the strips onto which they are seeded are subjected to a 10 min period of cyclic four point bending that...
Mechanical loading of bone stimulates resident bone cells to produce prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) and prostaglandin (PG)E 2 by a mechanism that can be differentially regulated by ion channel blockers. We have investigated differences in the loading-related PG production mechanisms in rat ulnae explants loaded ex vivo. Loading and aluminium fluoride (AlF 3 , a nonselective activator...
Heme oxygenases (HO) are responsible for the production of carbon monoxide, which has been suggested to act similarly to nitric oxide as a signaling molecule. Inducible HO-1 and constitutive HO-2 were located in sections of weight-bearing ulnae of the rat by immunocytochemistry. Intense HO-1 localization was restricted to peri- and endosteal sites, whereas HO-2 staining occurred in osteoblasts and...
Poultry selectively bred either for maximum egg (ET) or meat (MT) production suffer from growth abnormalities and skeletal inadequacies are common. To investigate whether this is related to mechanically adaptive bone (re)modelling we have studied early resident bone cell responses associated with applied mechanical strain (1200μE at 1Hz for 10min), in embryonic tibiotarsi from commercially-bred and...
In vivo, application to limb bones of mechanical load sufficient to engender physiological strain levels stimulates almost immediate strain magnitude-related increases in osteocyte (OC) and osteoblast (OB) G6PD activity. This response also occurs in organ culture and is proceeded by the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI 2 ). PGI 2 has been localized to both OCs and...
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical gas, is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. NO is produced by constitutive and inducible isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) both of which have been reported in cultured osteoblast-like cells. (J.A. inducible isoform (iNOS) has been shown to be upregulated by Riancho et. al. JBMR. 10, 439, 1995). NO production via the inducible isoform (iNOS)...
Bone's adaptive response to mechanical loading requires that resident cells can assess their strain environment. This could be achieved by ion channels, responsive either to direct strain, strain-generated fluid flow-induced shear strains, or strain generated potentials (SGPs).Using rat ulna organ culture we previously demonstrated local strain magnitude-related increases in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase...
Mechanical loads result in functionally adaptative alterations in skeletal architecture and mass. The mechanism coordinating and controlling such responses is ill-defined. Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator with diverse messenger functions. The role, function and mechanism of action, make it a potential mediator and integrator of mechanical stimuli. This study examines the effect of physiological...
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