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Thermionic emission from vertically grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (WA-CVD) is investigated. I–V characteristics of WA-CNT samples exhibit strong Schottky effect leading to field proportionality factor β∼10 4 cm −1 in contrast to β∼200cm −1 for the bare tungsten substrate. Non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging of CNT samples...