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In the past decades, the progress made in plant biotechnology has made possible the use of plants as a novel production platform for a wide range of molecules. In this context, the transformation of the plastid genome has given a huge boost to prove that plants are a promising system to produce recombinant proteins. In this review, we provide a background on plastid genetics and on the principles...
The human epithelial mucin MUC1 is a heavily glycosylated transmembrane protein that is overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated on over 90% of human breast cancers. The altered glycosylation of MUC1 reveals an immunodominant peptide along its tandem repeat (TR) that has been used as a target for tumour immunotherapy. In this study, we used the MUC1 TR peptide as a test antigen to determine whether...
The development of new generation vaccines is an imperative tool to counteract accidental or intended release of bio-threat agents, such as Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis and variola virus, and to control natural outbreaks. In the past few years, numerous data accumulated on the immunogenicity and safety of plant-made vaccines against bio-security-related organisms. In addition, expression levels...
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is an extremely virulent bacterium but there are no approved vaccines for protection against it. Our goal was to produce a vaccine that would address: ease of delivery, mucosal efficacy, safety, rapid scalability, and cost. We developed a novel production and delivery system for a plague vaccine of a Y. pestis F1–V antigen fusion protein expressed in...
Transgenic plants are a novel way to produce and deliver oral vaccines. Arabidopsis thaliana material shown previously to express the tuberculosis (TB) antigen ESAT-6 fused to the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) was fed to mice and the resulting immune response investigated. The plant-made LTB-ESAT-6 fusion protein induced antigen-specific responses from CD4+ cells and...
Most pathogenic microorganisms enter their host via the mucosal surfaces lining the digestive, respiratory and urino-reproductive tracts of the body. The most efficient means of protecting these surfaces is through mucosal immunization. Transgenic plants are safe and inexpensive vehicles to produce and mucosally deliver protective antigens. However, the application of this technology is limited by...
Stable integration of a gene into the plant nuclear or chloroplast genome can transform higher plants (e.g. tobacco, potato, tomato, banana) into bioreactors for the production of subunit vaccines for oral or parental administration. This can also be achieved by using recombinant plant viruses as transient expression vectors in infected plants. The use of plant-derived vaccines may overcome some of...
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