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During life, repetitive loading causes bone to experience loads that typically repeat in the same overall direction, imposing a greater-than-zero mean stress on bone. Consequently, during repetitive loading both creep and cyclic loading components can contribute to bone failure. Bone failure at the matrix level results from the formation and propagation of microscopic damage within matrix. Recent...
Human vertebral cancellous bone from white males (N = 19), black males (N = 16), white females (N = 12), and black females (N = 17) was examined histologically for the presence, numerical density, and morphology of in vivo microscopic cracking (microdamage). Two patterns of microcracks, linear and cross-hatched, were observed. Linear microcracks were observed in both the central portion and near...
Bone matrix microdamage in bone matrix, evidenced as microcracks, occurs consequent to cyclic loading. Microdamage caused by in vivo loading has been described in human rib cortex; however, the existence and extent of microcracks in human long bone cortices are largely unknown. Using histomorphometric methods to examine the incidence and localization of microcracks in human femoral compact bone...
The three-dimensional distribution of bone surface and the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of 110 human vertebral cancellous bone specimens from seven individuals were measured using a three-dimensional radiographic method (microcomputed tomography). The ratios of the three principal projections of bone surface per total volume were found to be relatively constant for specimens examined in this study...
A phenomenological theory of bone remodeling was developed with improved spatial stability compared to some of the more standard formulations. The improved stability was created by changing the nature of the remodeling differential equation to have an exponential character. As a result, the theoretical predictions are consistent with the experimental observation that changes in bone density during...
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