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Methods for estimating inner states in a lithium-ion cell require steady state conditions or accurate models of the dynamic processes. Besides often used inner states such as state-of-charge, state-of-health or state-of-function, relaxation processes strongly influence the mentioned states. Inhomogeneous utilization of electrodes and consequent limitations in the operating conditions have recently...
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for characterizing Li-ion batteries. Besides the well-known state variables such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH) and temperature, relaxation time after previous conditioning has a crucial impact on EIS measurements. By showing the EIS dependencies of three different temperatures, five SOCs and five cells with different...
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